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. 2012 Feb 15;2012(2):CD004162.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004162.pub2.

Antipsychotic drug treatment for elderly people with late-onset schizophrenia

Adib Essali  1 , Ghassan Ali
Affiliations

Antipsychotic drug treatment for elderly people with late-onset schizophrenia

Adib Essali et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Schizophrenia is usually considered an illness of young adulthood. However, onset after the age of 40 years is reported in 23% of patients hospitalised with schizophrenia. At least 0.1% of the world's elderly population have a diagnosis of late-onset schizophrenia which seems to differ from earlier onset schizophrenia on a variety of counts including response to antipsychotic drugs.

Objectives: To assess the effects of antipsychotic drugs for elderly people with late-onset schizophrenia.

Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (January 2010) which is based on regular searches of CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO. We inspected references of all identified studies for further trials. We contacted relevant authors of trials for additional information.

Selection criteria: All relevant randomised controlled trials that compared antipsychotic drugs with other treatments for elderly people (at least 80% older than 65 years) with a recent (within five years) diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizophrenia like illnesses.

Data collection and analysis: For the 2010 search, two new review authors (AE, AG) inspected all citations to ensure reliable selection. We assessed methodological quality of trials using the criteria recommended in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. AE and AG also independently extracted data. For homogenous dichotomous data, we planned to calculate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Main results: There were no included studies in the original version of this review (2002 search). The 2010 search for the current update produced 211 references, among which we identified 88 studies. Only one study met the inclusion criteria and was of acceptable quality. This was an eight-week randomised trial of risperidone and olanzapine in 44 inpatients with late-onset schizophrenia. All participants completed the eight-week trial, indicating that both drugs were well tolerated. Unfortunately, this study provided little usable data. We excluded a total of 81 studies, 77 studies because they either studied interventions other than antipsychotic medication or because they involved elderly people with chronic - not late-onset - schizophrenia. We excluded a further four trials of antipsychotics in late-onset schizophrenia because of flawed design. Five studies are still awaiting classification, and one is on-going.

Authors' conclusions: There is no trial-based evidence upon which to base guidelines for the treatment of late-onset schizophrenia. There is a need for good quality-controlled clinical trials into the effects of antipsychotics for this group. Such trials are possible. Until they are undertaken, people with late-onset schizophrenia will be treated by doctors using clinical judgement and habit to guide prescribing.

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Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

1
1
Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
2
2
Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 RISPERIDONE versus OLANZAPINE, Outcome 1 Leaving the study early.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Update of

References

References to studies included in this review

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Lovett 1987 {published data only}
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Matkovits‐Gupta 1999 {published data only}
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Mazeh 2006 {published data only}
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McQuaid 2001 {published data only}
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Mintzer 2000 {published data only}
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Svestka 1972 {published data only}
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Svestka 1987 {published data only}
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Svestka 1989a {published data only}
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References to studies awaiting assessment

Anon 2009 {published data only}
    1. Anon. A multicentre, double‐blind, randomised, parallel‐group comparison of quetiapine and haloperidol in the treatment of elderly patients presenting with dementia and psychoses (5077il/0049). AstraZeneca Clinical Trials [www.astrazenecaclinicaltrials.com] 2009.
Barak 2001 {published data only}
    1. Barak Y, Zemishlani C, Mirecki I, Shamir E, Toren P, Weizman R. Olanzapine vs. haloperidol for elderly schizophrenia patients. Proceedings of the 10th Congress of the International Psychogeriatric Association; 2001 Sept 9‐14; Nice, France. 2001:202S.
Chu 2006 {published data only}
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Dubovsky 2010 {published data only}
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Dubovsky 2010a {published data only}
    1. Dubovsky S, Colleen Frobose C, Phiri P, Panagides J. Short‐term tolerability, safety, and pharmacokinetic profile of asenapine in older patients with psychosis. Proceedings of the 163rd Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; 2010 May 22‐26; New Orleans, LA. 2010.
Dubovsky 2010b {published data only}
    1. Dubovsky S, Frobose C, Phiri P, Panagides J. Asenapine: Short‐term tolerability, safety, and pharmacokinetic profile in older patients with psychosis. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2010;1:489‐90.
Dubovsky 2011 {published data only}
    1. Dubovsky SL, Frobose C, Phiri P, Greef R, Panagides J. Short‐term safety and pharmacokinetic profile of asenapine in older patients with psychosis. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2011;27(5):472‐82. [MEDLINE: ] - PubMed
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Luo 2009 {published data only}
    1. Luo Y. quetiapine and risperidone in the treatment of elderly schizophrenia [Google Translate] [喹硫平与利培酮治疗老年精神分裂症的对照研究]. Medical Journal of Chinese People's Health [中国民康医学] 2009;12(24):3110‐214.
McGuire 2002 {published data only}
    1. McGuire G, Kennedy JS, Shaw SC, Kaiser CJ, Sutton V, Street J, et al. Acute double‐blind comparison of olanzapine and haloperidol in schizophrenia patients age >= 60. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2002;10(2 Suppl 1):168.
Mintzer 2001 {published data only}
    1. Mintzer JE, Mullen JA, Sweitzer DE. Extrapyramidal symptoms in elderly patients treated with quetiapine or risperidone. Proceedings of the 10th Congress of the International Psychogeriatric Association; 2001 Sept 9‐14; Nice, France. 2001:201S.
Möller 2005 {published data only}
    1. Möller HJ, Riedel M, Eich FX. A randomised, double‐blind clinical trial comparing treatment with amisulpride or risperidone for six weeks in elderly patients with schizophrenia. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2005;15(Suppl 3):S511.
NCT01625897 {published data only}
    1. NCT01625897. A long‐term study of mp‐214 in patients with chronic phase or elderly schizophrenia. http://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT01625897 2012.
Riedel 2009 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Riedel M, Eich FX, Moller HJ. A pilot study of the safety and efficacy of amisulpride and risperidone in elderly psychotic patients. European Psychiatry 2009;24(3):149‐53. - PubMed
Ritchie 2003 {published data only}
    1. Ritchie CW, Chiu E, Harrigan S, Hall K, Hassett A, Macfarlane SMM, O'Connor DW, Opie J, Ames D. The impact upon extra‐pyramidal side effects, clinical symptoms and quality of life of a switch from conventional to atypical antipsychotics (risperidone or olanzapine) in elderly patients with schizophrenia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2003;18(5):432‐40. [MEDLINE: ] - PubMed
    1. Ritchie CW, Chiu E, Harrigan S, Macfarlane S, Mastwyk M, Halliday G, Hustig H, Hall K, Hassett A, O'Connor DW, Opie J, Nagalingam V, Snowdon J, Ames D. A comparison of the efficacy and safety of olanzapine and risperidone in the treatment of elderly patients with schizophrenia: an open study of six months duration. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2006;21(2):171‐9. [MEDLINE: ] - PubMed
Ritchie 2010 {published data only}
    1. Ritchie CW, Harrigan S, Mastwyk M, Macfarlane S, Cheesman M, Ames D. Predictors of adherence to atypical antipsychotics (risperidone or olanzapine) in older patients with schizophrenia: an open study of 31/2 years duration. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2010;25(4):411‐8. - PubMed
Sutton 2001a {published data only}
    1. Sutton VK, Street JS, Kennedy JS, Feldman PD, Breier A, Eli L&C. Superiority of olanzapine over risperidone in the control of negative symptoms in older patients. Proceedings of the 10th Congress of the International Psychogeriatric Association; 2001 Sept 9‐14; Nice, France. 2001:201S.
Zhang 2009 {published data only}
    1. Zhang B. aripiprazole in the treatment of schizophrenia in old age [Google Translate] [阿立哌唑治疗老年期精神分裂症的研究]. 中国当代医药 2009; Vol. 16, issue 18:47‐8.
Zhe 2007 {published data only}
    1. Zhe J, Shi X‐Y, Tan T‐C, Liu W‐X, Tao P‐Y, Wang J, Liu G‐F, Cao J‐X, Xue Q‐X, Rong L‐Z. Comparative study of aripiprazole and risperidone in treatment of late onset schizophrenia. Linchuang Jingshen Yixue Zazhi 2007;17(5):327‐8.
伏彩霞 2010 {published data only}
    1. 伏彩霞, 翟歆明, 李拉珂, 王宝安. Aripiprazole in the treatment of senile schizophrenia [Google Translate] [阿立哌唑治疗老年期精神分裂症的疗效观察]. Modern Medicine and Health [现代医药卫生] 2010;26(7):1001‐2.
余成国 2009 {published data only}
    1. 余成国, 蒋国庆, 冉江峰. Aripiprazole and risperidone in the treatment of senile schizophrenia [Google Translate] [阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗老年性精神分裂症对照研究]. Chongqing Medical Journal 2009;38(7):785.
刁端忠 2010 {published data only}
    1. 刁端忠. Controlled observation of quetiapine and perphenazine in the treatment of senile schizophrenia [奎硫平与奋乃静治疗老年期精神分裂症的对照观察]. 中国民康医学 2010;22(23):3047‐8.
刘金光 2010 {published data only}
    1. 刘金光, 克纳新. Olanzapine and risperidone in the treatment of elderly schizophrenia [Google Translate] [奥氮平与利培酮治疗老年精神分裂症的对照研究]. Shanxi Clinical Medicine 2010; Vol. 19, issue 8A:575‐8.
吕斌军 2009 {published data only}
    1. 吕斌军, 王建林, 林永清. Quetiapine and risperidone in the treatment of elderly schizophrenia [Google Translate] [喹硫平与利培酮治疗老年精神分裂症的对照研究]. Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry [上海精神医学] [上海精神醫學] 2009; Vol. 21, issue 1:34‐6.
周益辉 2010 {published data only}
    1. 周益辉, 王兵华, 曾德志, 钟跃峰. Aripiprazole impact on the quality of life of elderly patients with schizophrenia [阿立哌唑对老年精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响]. 海南医学院学报 2010;16(11):1424‐32.
宋丽 2009 {published data only}
    1. 宋丽, 樊凌姿. Olanzapine and risperidone in the treatment of elderly schizophrenia [Google Translate] [奥氮平与利培酮治疗老年精神分裂症的对照研究]. Medicine World 2009;11(10):583‐5.
崔明伟 2011 {published data only}
    1. 崔明伟. Ziprasidone, and perphenazine in the treatment of elderly schizophrenia [齐拉西酮与奋乃静治疗老年精神分裂症对照研究]. 中国民康医学 2011;23(16):1970‐2055.
张保利 2010 {published data only}
    1. 张保利, 兰志敏, 李相桦, 冯锋. Aripiprazole and quetiapine in the treatment of senile schizophrenia [阿立哌唑与奎硫平治疗老年期精神分裂症对照研究]. 临床精神医学杂志 2010; Vol. 20, issue 05:340‐2.
张峻岭 2009 {published data only}
    1. 张峻岭. Clinical analysis of 104 cases older schizophrenia [Google Translate] [老年精神分裂症104例疗效分析]. 中国现代医生 2009; Vol. 47, issue 18:66‐7.
张疆莉 2010 {published data only}
    1. 张疆莉, 张建宏, 申彪. Aripiprazole orally disintegrating tablets in the treatment of schizophrenia in old age were observed [Google Translate] [阿立哌唑口腔崩解片治疗老年期精神分裂症疗效的对照观察]. 中国现代药物应用 2010; Vol. 4, issue 14:119‐20.
张艳琦 2010 {published data only}
    1. 张艳琦, 于振东. Aripiprazole and perphenazine in schizophrenia compared treatment of elderly [Google Translate] [阿立哌唑与奋乃静治疗老年精神分裂症疗效比较]. 中外医疗 2010;5:114.
张艳琦 2010a {published data only}
    1. 张艳琦, 于振东. Ziprasidone treatment of elderly schizophrenia [Google Translate] [齐拉西酮治疗老年精神分裂症对照研究]. Linchuang Jingshen Yixue Zazhi [临床精神医学杂志] 2010; Vol. 20, issue 3:198‐9.
徐清 2010 {published data only}
    1. 徐清, 蒋幸衍, 陆雅娜, 邵薇. Aripiprazole and risperidone in the treatment of senile schizophrenia [Google Translate] [阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗老年期精神分裂症的对照研究]. Chinese Journal of Health Psychology [中国健康心理学杂志] 2010;18(9):1036‐7.
曾庆翰 2010 {published data only}
    1. 曾庆翰, 刘峥嵘, 郄晓明. Olanzapine and perphenazine in treatment of elderly schizophrenia [Google Translate] [奥氮平与奋乃静治疗老年精神分裂症对照研究]. 中外医疗 2010;15:125‐6.
李国兰 2010 {published data only}
    1. 李国兰, 孟凤华, 冷树东. Quetiapine and perphenazine in the treatment of senile schizophrenia observed [Google Translate] [喹硫平与奋乃静治疗老年期精神分裂症对照观察]. Medical Journal of Chinese People's Health [中国民康医学] 2010;22(2):127.
李永红 2010 {published data only}
    1. 李永红. Risperidone treatment in elderly schizophrenia clinical observation [利培酮治疗老年精神分裂症临床观察]. 青海医药杂志 2010;40(08):41‐2.
李海涛 2010 {published data only}
    1. 李海涛, 赵明伟. Aripiprazole and quetiapine in the treatment of elderly schizophrenia [Google Translate] [阿立哌唑与喹硫平治疗老年精神分裂症对照研究]. Medical Journal of Chinese People's Health [中国民康医学] 2010; Vol. 22, issue 10:1250‐326.
杨仁登 2010 {published data only}
    1. 杨仁登, 崔林梅, 李恩. Ziprasidone, and perphenazine in the treatment of elderly schizophrenia [齐拉西酮与奋乃静治疗老年精神分裂症对照研究]. 中国民康医学 2010;22(24):312‐3.
杨雀屏 2010 {published data only}
    1. 杨雀屏, 张恒, 包炤华, 周兆新. Aripiprazole and olanzapine in elderly patients clinical analysis of first‐episode schizophrenia [Google Translate] [阿立哌唑与奥氮平治疗老年期首发精神分裂症的临床分析]. Chinese Journal of Health Psychology [中国健康心理学杂志] 2010; Vol. 18, issue 7:773‐5.
梁勇 2011 {published data only}
    1. 梁勇. Olanzapine in the Psychogeriatric [奥氮平片在老年精神科中的应用]. 当代医学 2011;17(21):11‐2.
石保青 2011 {published data only}
    1. 石保青, 蒋成娣, 李燕. Aripiprazole and risperidone treatment in elderly schizophrenia [阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗老年精神分裂症的对照研究]. 中国民康医学 2011; Vol. 23, issue 16:1971‐6.
管銮友 2009 {published data only}
    1. 管銮友. Ziprasidone and quetiapine in the treatment of senile schizophrenia [Google Translate] [齐拉西酮与奎硫平治疗老年性精神分裂症的对照研究]. Journal of Military Surgeon in Southwest China 2009; Vol. 11, issue 5:843‐5.
罗琦 2010 {published data only}
    1. 罗琦, 陈筱章, 熊典樟, 邹果果. Palley risperidone and perphenazine in the treatment of senile [Google translate] [帕利哌酮与奋乃静治疗老年期]. Journal of the Yichun University [宜春学院学报] 2010;32(4):80, 153.
董晓茹 2009 {published data only}
    1. 董晓茹, 孙利, 武晓杰. The clinical investigation of benazepril and amiodipine on elderly hypertension by 24‐hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring [奥氮平与氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症对照研究]. 中国医药导报 2009;6(20):56‐7.
董继承 2009 {published data only}
    1. 董继承, 席巧真, 缪竞诚. Quetiapine and risperidone in the treatment of elderly schizophrenia [Google Translate] [喹硫平与利培酮治疗老年精神分裂症对照研究]. Shandong Archives of Psychiatry [山东精神医学] 2009; Vol. 22, issue 4:289‐90.
蒋幸衍 2009 {published data only}
    1. 蒋幸衍, 黄寅平, 徐清, 陆雅娜. Aripiprazole in elderly patients with schizophrenia quality of life [Google Translate] [阿立哌唑对老年精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响]. Chinese Journal of Health Psychology [中国健康心理学杂志] 2009;17(12):1421‐3.
诸春明 2010 {published data only}
    1. 诸春明. Quetiapine in elderly patients with schizophrenia quality of life [Google Translate] [奎硫平对老年精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响]. Linchuang Jingshen Yixue Zazhi [临床精神医学杂志] 2010;20(4):262‐4.
谢国建 2010 {published data only}
    1. 谢国建, 罗捷, 冉江峰. Domestic quetiapine and perphenazine treatment in elderly schizophrenia control study [国产奎硫平与奋乃静治疗老年精神分裂症对照研究]. 四川精神卫生 2010;23(04):238‐9.
陈永红 2010 {published data only}
    1. 陈永红. Aripiprazole and risperidone in the treatment of senile schizophrenia [Google Translate] [阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗老年性精神分裂症的对照研究]. 中国实用医药 2010; Vol. 5, issue 27:31‐2.
黄峰 2010 {published data only}
    1. 黄峰. Ziprasidone clinical study of elderly patients with schizophrenia [Google Translate] [齐拉西酮治疗老年精神分裂症的临床研究]. 内科 2010;5(1):5‐6.
黄峰 2010a {published data only}
    1. 黄峰. Ziprasidone and risperidone in the treatment of elderly clinical controlled study of schizophrenia [Google Translate] [齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗老年精神分裂症的临床对照研究]. Medical Journal of Chinese People's Health [中国民康医学] 2010;22(10):1214‐5.
黄峰 2010b {published data only}
    1. 黄峰. Controlled study of ziprasidone treatment of senile negative symptoms of schizophrenia [齐拉西酮治疗老年期精神分裂症阴性症状的对照研究]. 现代医药卫生 2010;26(18):2745‐7.
黄振英 2010 {published data only}
    1. 黄振英, 顾广善. Ziprasidone and quetiapine in the treatment of elderly schizophrenia control analysis [齐拉西酮与喹硫平治疗老年精神分裂症的对照分析]. 中国医药指南 2010;8(35):297‐8.

References to ongoing studies

Barnes 2002 {published data only}
    1. Barnes T. A prospective study of tardive dyskinesia in the elderly; single blind comparison of amisulpride and risperidone. National Research Register 2003; Vol. 1.
    1. Barnes T. A prospective study of tardive dyskinesia in the elderly; single‐blind comparison of amisulpride and risperidone. National Research Register 2002; Vol. 3.
Lacro 2001 {published data only}
    1. Lacro J. Antipsychotic treatment in late life schizophrenia. CRISP database. https://www‐commons.cit.nih.gov/crisp/index.html accessed 19th February 2001.

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