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Review
. 2012 Sep;64(12):1292-309.
doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.01.016. Epub 2012 Feb 4.

Strategies for controlled delivery of growth factors and cells for bone regeneration

Tiffany N Vo  1 , F Kurtis Kasper, Antonios G Mikos
Affiliations
Review

Strategies for controlled delivery of growth factors and cells for bone regeneration

Tiffany N Vo et al. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012 Sep.

Abstract

The controlled delivery of growth factors and cells within biomaterial carriers can enhance and accelerate functional bone formation. The carrier system can be designed with pre-programmed release kinetics to deliver bioactive molecules in a localized, spatiotemporal manner most similar to the natural wound healing process. The carrier can also act as an extracellular matrix-mimicking substrate for promoting osteoprogenitor cellular infiltration and proliferation for integrative tissue repair. This review discusses the role of various regenerative factors involved in bone healing and their appropriate combinations with different delivery systems for augmenting bone regeneration. The general requirements of protein, cell and gene therapy are described, with elaboration on how the selection of materials, configurations and processing affects growth factor and cell delivery and regenerative efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo applications for bone tissue engineering.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Scanning electron micrographs of pure gelatin (A), gelatin-10% calcium phosphate (B) and gelatin-40% calcium phosphate microparticle composites (C) and in vitro release (bottom left graph) and mineralization (bottom right graph) characteristics. Composites (■ & ▲) possess bioactive calcifying properties similar to calcium phosphate powder (●) and decreased release rates compared to pure gelatin microparticles (◆). (Reprinted with permission from Leeuwenburgh et al. [95]. Copyright 2010 American Chemical Society.)
Figure 2
Figure 2
Microcomputed tomography images of bone regeneration in rat calvarial critical size defect at 4 (top row) and 12 (bottom row) weeks with no growth factor delivery (Panels A & E), VEGF delivery only (Panels B & F), BMP-2 delivery only (Panels C & G) and VEGF/BMP-2 dual delivery (Panels D & H). Bone formation with dual delivery is higher at 4 weeks and comparable at 12 weeks to BMP-2 delivery alone. Scale bar represents 200 μm. (Reprinted with permission from Patel et al. [45])
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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