The seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in the lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia
- PMID: 22346504
- PMCID: PMC3250829
- DOI: 10.1155/1994/586810
The seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in the lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia
Abstract
Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in vegetarian and nonvegetarian members of different ethnic communities in the lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia.
Design: Serum samples were collected from 2027 participants drawn from various ethnic groups and tested by elisa for the presence of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. Coded questionnaires requesting information relevant to the study were completed by each participant. The study population comprised 1334 females and 693 males; ages ranged from 17 to 102 years.
Main results: Four hundred and nineteen (20.7%) individuals were IgG positive with titres ranging from 1:100 to 1:3200. IgM antibodies were detected in only four individuals. The seroprevalence rose with increase in age but there was no significant difference between males and females. A positive correlation was shown between ingestion of meat and between consumption of unpasteurized milk and antibodies to T gondii. Eighty per cent of females between the ages of 17 and 40, of all ethnic origins, were seronegative. Seropositivity did not differ between cat owners and non-cat owners.
Conclusions: Women of childbearing age are at risk of acquiring toxoplasmosis during pregnancy and of transmitting the infection transplacentally. Consumption of undercooked meat and unpasteurized milk may result in the acquisition of toxoplasmosis. Data suggest that acquisition of toxoplasmosis is more likely via environmental oocysts or cysts in food source animals than by direct contact with cats.
Objectif :: Déterminer la séroprévalence de la toxoplasmose chez des membres végétariens et non végétariens de différentes communautés ethniques de la vallée du Fraser en Colombie-Britannique.
Modèle :: Des échantillons de sérum ont été recueillis auprès de 2 027 participants provenant de divers groupes ethniques et ils ont été soumis à un test Elisa pour y déceler la présence d’anticorps anti-immunoglobuline IgG et anti-IgM à l’endroit de Toxoplasma gondii. Des questionnaires codés demandant des renseignements pertinents pour l’étude ont été remplis par chaque participant. La population étudiée comprenait 1 334 femmes et 693 hommes âgés de 17 à 102 ans.
Principaux Résultats :: Quatre cent dix-neuf (20,7 %) sujets étaient séropositifs à l’égard de l’IgG avec des titres variant de 1:100 à 1:3200. Des anticorps anti-IgM ont été décelés chez quatre individus seulement. La séroprévalence s’élevait avec l’âge, mais on n’a observé aucune différence significative entre les hommes et les femmes. Une corrélation positive a été établie entre ingestion de viande et consommation de lait non pasteurisé et la présence d’anticorps anti-T gondii. Quatre-vingt pour-cent des femmes âgées de 17 à 40 ans, de toutes origines ethniques, étaient séronégatives. La séropositivité n’a pas différé, que les sujets soient ou non propriétaires de chats.
Conclusions:: Les femmes en âge de procréer sont exposées à un risque de toxoplasmose durant la grossesse qui peut se transmettre au foetus. La consommation de viande insuffisamment cuite ou de lait non pasteurisé pourrait entraîner une toxoplasmose. Selon les données, l’acquisition de la toxoplasmose est plus susceptible de se produire par contamination d’origine environnementale provenant de sources alimentaires animales que par contact direct avec les chats.
Keywords: ELISA; Indirect immunofluorescence; Seroepidemiology; Toxoplasmosis.
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