Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Multicenter Study
. 2012 Oct;42(10):2121-40.
doi: 10.1007/s10803-012-1461-8.

The Study to Explore Early Development (SEED): a multisite epidemiologic study of autism by the Centers for Autism and Developmental Disabilities Research and Epidemiology (CADDRE) network

Diana E Schendel  1 , Carolyn Diguiseppi, Lisa A Croen, M Daniele Fallin, Philip L Reed, Laura A Schieve, Lisa D Wiggins, Julie Daniels, Judith Grether, Susan E Levy, Lisa Miller, Craig Newschaffer, Jennifer Pinto-Martin, Cordelia Robinson, Gayle C Windham, Aimee Alexander, Arthur S Aylsworth, Pilar Bernal, Joseph D Bonner, Lisa Blaskey, Chyrise Bradley, Jack Collins, Casara J Ferretti, Homayoon Farzadegan, Ellen Giarelli, Marques Harvey, Susan Hepburn, Matthew Herr, Kristina Kaparich, Rebecca Landa, Li-Ching Lee, Brooke Levenseller, Stacey Meyerer, Mohammad H Rahbar, Andria Ratchford, Ann Reynolds, Steven Rosenberg, Julie Rusyniak, Stuart K Shapira, Karen Smith, Margaret Souders, Patrick Aaron Thompson, Lisa Young, Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

The Study to Explore Early Development (SEED): a multisite epidemiologic study of autism by the Centers for Autism and Developmental Disabilities Research and Epidemiology (CADDRE) network

Diana E Schendel et al. J Autism Dev Disord. 2012 Oct.

Abstract

The Study to Explore Early Development (SEED), a multisite investigation addressing knowledge gaps in autism phenotype and etiology, aims to: (1) characterize the autism behavioral phenotype and associated developmental, medical, and behavioral conditions and (2) investigate genetic and environmental risks with emphasis on immunologic, hormonal, gastrointestinal, and sociodemographic characteristics. SEED uses a case-control design with population-based ascertainment of children aged 2-5 years with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and children in two control groups-one from the general population and one with non-ASD developmental problems. Data from parent-completed questionnaires, interviews, clinical evaluations, biospecimen sampling, and medical record abstraction focus on the prenatal and early postnatal periods. SEED is a valuable resource for testing hypotheses regarding ASD characteristics and causes.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
SEED recruitment and final classification of ASD and DD participants
Figure 2
Figure 2
SEED recruitment and final classification of POP participants
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEED participant data collection steps
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Abrahams BS, Geschwind DH. Advances in autism genetics: On the threshold of a new neurobiology. Nature Reviews Genetics. 2008;9:341–355. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Achenbach T. Child Behavior Checklist. Burlington, VT: Achenbach System of Empirically based Assessment; 1992.
    1. Allen CW, Silove N, Williams K, Hutchins P. Validity of the social communication questionnaire in assessing risk of autism in preschool children with developmental problems. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2007;37:1272–1278. - PubMed
    1. Ashwood P, Anthony A, Torrente F, Wakefield AJ. Spontaneous Mucosal Lymphocyte Cytokine Profiles in Children with Autism and Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Mucosal Immune Activation and Reduced Counter Regulatory Interleukin-10. Journal of Clinical Immunology. 2004;24(6):664–673. - PubMed
    1. Ashwood P, Wills S, Van de Water J. The immune response in autism: A new frontier for autism research. Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2006;80:1–15. - PubMed

Publication types