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. 2012 Mar;38(2):227-30.
doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbr188.

Introduction: The extended psychosis phenotype--relationship with schizophrenia and with ultrahigh risk status for psychosis

Jim van Os  1 , Richard J Linscott
Affiliations

Introduction: The extended psychosis phenotype--relationship with schizophrenia and with ultrahigh risk status for psychosis

Jim van Os et al. Schizophr Bull. 2012 Mar.
No abstract available

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Onset of psychotic disorder. The core vulnerability underlying psychosis is portrayed as subtle alterations in the way individuals process environmental stimuli from moment to moment in the flow of daily life, giving rise to altered representations of the environment in the form of, for example, fluctuating paranoid feelings, negative affective states, or reduced incentive for environmental interactions (microphenotype). In some individuals, these states tend to persist from moment to moment, under the influence of interacting genetic and environmental factors (G × E), at some stage giving rise to noticeable psychotic experiences, for example in the form of habitual paranoid ideation (extended phenotype). Persistence of these psychotic experiences over months or even years, under the influences of interacting genetic and environmental factors (G ×E), and depending on the degree of copresence of affective dysregulation, motivational impairment, and cognitive alterations, increases the risk for onset of psychotic disorder (illness macrophenotype) with a high likelihood of disease expression over a period of many years.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Relationship between extended psychosis phenotype (general population) and ultrahigh risk (UHR) status (selected samples of help-seeking individuals). In the general population (level above the horizontal line), psychotic symptoms and experiences are common in (1) psychotic disorder (highest density), (2) disorders of anxiety and depression (medium density), and (3) nonill people in the general population (low density). At all levels of the extended psychosis phenotype, individuals may become help-seeking (level below the horizontal line) which is a requirement for UHR status. UHR samples of help-seeking individuals may be selected at any level of density along the extended psychosis phenotype, which will cause differences in the degree of inherent enrichment in risk for transition to psychotic disorder.
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