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Review
. 2012 Jun;24(3):303-7.
doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2012.02.001. Epub 2012 Feb 22.

The symphony of the ninth: the development and function of Th9 cells

Rukhsana Jabeen  1 , Mark H Kaplan
Affiliations
Review

The symphony of the ninth: the development and function of Th9 cells

Rukhsana Jabeen et al. Curr Opin Immunol. 2012 Jun.

Abstract

CD4+ T helper cells are obligate regulators of inflammatory disease. An expanding cadre of T helper (Th) subsets, specialized for promoting particular types of inflammation, function through the secretion of a restricted set of cytokines. The latest addition to the list of subsets is the Th9 cell that secretes IL-9 as a signature cytokine and contributes to several classes of inflammatory disease. In this review we focus on recent advances in understanding the development of Th9 cells, and how Th9 cells contribute to the orchestration of disease.

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Figures

Figure
Figure
Transcriptional network in Th9 cells. Transcription factors including PU.1, downstream of TGF-β signals, and IL-4-activated STAT6 that promotes expression of GATA3 and IRF4, contribute to the expression of the Il9 gene in Th9 cells.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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