Unopposed estrogen and estrogen plus progestin menopausal hormone therapy and lung cancer risk in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort
- PMID: 22367699
- PMCID: PMC3328187
- DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-9904-2
Unopposed estrogen and estrogen plus progestin menopausal hormone therapy and lung cancer risk in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort
Abstract
Purpose: Previous studies have reported that lung cancer risk may be decreased, increased, or unaffected by prior use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT).
Methods: To assess this issue further, we examined relationships among 118,008 women, ages 50-71 years who were recruited during 1995-1996 for the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study and in whom 2,097 incident lung carcinomas were identified during follow-up through 2006. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models estimated relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with various measures of self-reported MHT use.
Results: We found no evidence that either estrogen therapy (ET)-only or estrogen plus progestin therapy (EPT) use was substantially related to subsequent lung cancer risk (respective RRs and 95% CIs for ever use = 0.97, 0.86-1.09 and 1.03, 0.90-1.17). There were no significant variations according to currency or duration of use of either formulation, nor was there evidence that risks varied within subgroups defined by cigarette smoking or body size. The absence of effect was seen for nearly all lung cancer subtypes, with the exception of an increased risk of undifferentiated/large cell cancers associated with long-term ET-only use (p (trend) = 0.02), a relationship not observed among EPT users.
Conclusions: Our results failed to support any substantial alterations in lung cancer risk associated with use of either unopposed estrogen or estrogen plus progestin MHT, even when detailed exposure measures and other risk predictors were considered.
Similar articles
-
Use of postmenopausal hormone therapies and risk of histology- and hormone receptor-defined breast cancer: results from a 15-year prospective analysis of NIH-AARP cohort.Breast Cancer Res. 2020 Nov 25;22(1):129. doi: 10.1186/s13058-020-01365-9. Breast Cancer Res. 2020. PMID: 33239054 Free PMC article.
-
Menopausal hormone therapy and ovarian cancer risk in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort.J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006 Oct 4;98(19):1397-405. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djj375. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006. PMID: 17018786
-
Ovarian cancer and menopausal hormone therapy in the NIH-AARP diet and health study.Br J Cancer. 2012 Sep 25;107(7):1181-7. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.397. Epub 2012 Aug 28. Br J Cancer. 2012. PMID: 22929888 Free PMC article.
-
Menopausal hormone therapy and women's health: An umbrella review.PLoS Med. 2021 Aug 2;18(8):e1003731. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003731. eCollection 2021 Aug. PLoS Med. 2021. PMID: 34339416 Free PMC article.
-
Menopausal hormone therapy and cancer: changing clinical observations of target site specificity.Steroids. 2014 Nov;90:53-9. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.06.001. Epub 2014 Jun 6. Steroids. 2014. PMID: 24910928 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by
-
Role of sex hormones in lung cancer.Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2021 Oct;246(19):2098-2110. doi: 10.1177/15353702211019697. Epub 2021 Jun 3. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2021. PMID: 34080912 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Lung cancer chemoprevention: current status and future prospects.Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2013 Jun;10(6):334-43. doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2013.64. Epub 2013 May 21. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2013. PMID: 23689750 Free PMC article. Review.
-
The association between different hormone replacement therapy use and the incidence of lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Thorac Dis. 2022 Feb;14(2):381-395. doi: 10.21037/jtd-22-48. J Thorac Dis. 2022. PMID: 35280481 Free PMC article.
-
Hormone replacement therapy in females can decrease the risk of lung cancer: a meta-analysis.PLoS One. 2013 Aug 14;8(8):e71236. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071236. eCollection 2013. PLoS One. 2013. PMID: 23967172 Free PMC article.
-
Age at first birth and lung cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2021 Apr;10(4):1720-1733. doi: 10.21037/tlcr-20-1216. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2021. PMID: 34012788 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Ramchandran K, Patel JD. Sex differences in susceptibility to carcinogens. Semin Oncol. 2009 Dec;36(6):516–523. - PubMed
-
- Chen KY, Hsiao CF, Chang GC, Tsai YH, Su WC, Perng RP, Huang MS, Hsiung CA, Chen CJ, Yang PC. Hormone replacement therapy and lung cancer risk in Chinese. Cancer. 2007 Oct 15;110(8):1768–1775. - PubMed
-
- Kreuzer M, Gerken M, Heinrich J, Kreienbrock L, Wichmann HE. Hormonal factors and risk of lung cancer among women? Int J Epidemiol. 2003 Apr;32(2):263–271. - PubMed
-
- Olsson H, Bladstrom A, Ingvar C. Are smoking-associated cancers prevented or postponed in women using hormone replacement therapy? Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Sep;102(3):565–570. - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical