Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2012 Jan;15(1):32-5.
doi: 10.4103/0972-0707.92603.

Comparative evaluation of apical extrusion of bacteria using hand and rotary systems : An in vitro study

Sheetal B Ghivari  1 , Girish C Kubasad, Preethi Deshpande
Affiliations

Comparative evaluation of apical extrusion of bacteria using hand and rotary systems : An in vitro study

Sheetal B Ghivari et al. J Conserv Dent. 2012 Jan.

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the bacteria extruded apically during root canal preparation using two hand and rotary instrumentation techniques.

Materials and methods: Eighty freshly extracted mandibular premolars were mounted in bacteria collection apparatus. Root canals were contaminated with the pure culture of Enterococcus fecalis (ATCC 29212) and dried at 37°C for 24 h. Bacteria extruded were collected, incubated in brain heart infusion agar for 24 h at 36°C and the colony forming units (CFU) were counted.

Statistical analysis: The mean number of colony forming units were calculated by One-way ANOVA and comparison between the groups made by multiple comparison (Dunnet D) test.

Results: The step-back technique extruded highest number of bacteria in comparison to other hand and rotary Ni-Ti systems.

Conclusion: Under the limitation of this study all hand and rotary instrumentation techniques extruded bacteria. Among all the instrumentation techniques step-back technique extruded more number of bacteria and K-3 system the least. Further in vivo research in this direction could provide more insight into the biologic factors associated and focus on bacterial species that essentially play a major role in post instrumentation flare-ups.

Keywords: Apical extrusion; bacteria; hand and rotary systems.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Bacteria collection apparatus
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Seltzer S, Naidorf IJ. Flare-ups in Endodontics: I Etiological factors. J Endod. 1985;11:472–8. - PubMed
    1. McKendry DJ. Comparison of balanced forces, endosonic, and step-back filing instrumentation techniques: Quantification of extruded apical debris. J Endod. 1990;16:24–7. - PubMed
    1. Siqueria JF. Microbial causes of endodontic Flare ups. Int Endod J. 2003;36:453–63. - PubMed
    1. Tanalp J, Kaptan F, Sert S, Kayahan B, Bayirl G. Quantitative evaluation of the amount of apically extruded debris using three different rotary instrumentation systems. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radio Endod. 2006;101:250–7. - PubMed
    1. Al-Omari MA, Dummer PM. Canal Blockage and debris extrusion with eight preparation techniques. J Endod. 1995;21:154–8. - PubMed