Southeast Asian foot-and-mouth disease viruses in Eastern Asia

Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks recently affected 2 countries (Japan and South Korea) in eastern Asia that were free of FMD without vaccination. Analysis of viral protein 1 nucleotide sequences indicated that FMD serotype A and O viruses that caused these outbreaks originated in mainland Southeast Asia to which these viruses are endemic.

Figure A1

Unrooted neighbor-joining trees showing nucleotide sequence relationships between A) serotype A and B) serotype O foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) viruses from eastern Asia (red, China, including Hong Kong; dark blue, South Korea; orange, Russia; green, Mongolia; light blue, Japan) compared with closely related virus sequences from countries in mainland Southeast Asia to which FMD is endemic (black areas). Thirty-one viral protein 1 nucleotide sequences obtained during this study have been submitted to GenBank (accession nos. JQ070301–JQ070332). Additional field outbreaks reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) for which sequence data are not available are shown as black dots (http://web.oie.int/wahis/). Percentage of replicate trees in which associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1,000 replicates) is shown next to the branches. *Reference number for sequence not assigned by the World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease. † and ‡ indicate 2 outbreaks in Russia; no sample locations were reported to OIE for O/NC/CHA/2010, O/DY/CHA/2010, O/TZ/CHA/2010, or O/MY/CHA/2010. Scale bars indicate nucleotide substitutions per site.