Prehypertension - time to act

Abstract

The term "prehypertension" defined as systolic blood pressure between 120 and 139 mmHg and/or diastolic pressures between 80 and 89 mmHg has now gained general acceptance. Prehypertension is associated with ~3-fold greater likelihood of developing hypertension, and roughly twice the number of cardiovascular events, than BP < 120/80 mmHg. When compared with normotensive individuals, prehypertensive individuals are more likely to be overweight and obese, to have other cardiovascular risk factors, to progress to established hypertension, and to experience premature clinical cardiovascular disease. The major unresolved issue is the appropriate management of such patients. Lifestyle modification is recommended for all patients with prehypertension as it effectively reduces rate of cardiovascular events. Presently pharmacological therapy is indicated for some patients with prehypertension who have specific comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and coronary artery disease.