Exon-level array CGH in a large clinical cohort demonstrates increased sensitivity of diagnostic testing for Mendelian disorders

Abstract

Purpose: Mendelian disorders are most commonly caused by mutations identifiable by DNA sequencing. Exonic deletions and duplications can go undetected by sequencing, and their frequency in most Mendelian disorders is unknown.

Methods: We designed an array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) test with probes in exonic regions of 589 genes. Targeted testing was performed for 219 genes in 3,018 patients. We demonstrate for the first time the utility of exon-level array CGH in a large clinical cohort by testing for 136 autosomal dominant, 53 autosomal recessive, and 30 X-linked disorders.

Results: Overall, 98 deletions and two duplications were identified in 53 genes, corresponding to a detection rate of 3.3%. Approximately 40% of positive findings were deletions of only one or two exons. A high frequency of deletions was observed for several autosomal dominant disorders, with a detection rate of 2.9%. For autosomal recessive disorders, array CGH was usually performed after a single mutation was identified by sequencing. Among 138 individuals tested for recessive disorders, 10.1% had intragenic deletions. For X-linked disorders, 3.5% of 313 patients carried a deletion or duplication.

Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that exon-level array CGH provides a robust option for intragenic copy number analysis and should routinely supplement sequence analysis for Mendelian disorders.