The FIGO systems for nomenclature and classification of causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years: who needs them?
- PMID: 22386064
- DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.01.046
The FIGO systems for nomenclature and classification of causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years: who needs them?
Abstract
In November 2010, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics formally accepted a new classification system for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years. The system, based on the acronym PALM-COEIN (polyps, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, malignancy and hyperplasia-coagulopathy, ovulatory disorders, endometrial causes, iatrogenic, not classified) was developed in response to concerns about the design and interpretation of basic science and clinical investigation that relates to the problem of abnormal uterine bleeding. A system of nomenclature for the description of normal uterine bleeding and the various symptoms that comprise abnormal bleeding has also been included. This article describes the rationale, the structured methods that involved stakeholders worldwide, and the suggested use of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics system for research, education, and clinical care. Investigators in the field are encouraged to use the system in the design of their abnormal uterine bleeding-related research because it is an approach that should improve our understanding and management of this often perplexing clinical condition.
Copyright © 2012. Published by Mosby, Inc.
Similar articles
-
FIGO classification system (PALM-COEIN) for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age.Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2011 Apr;113(1):3-13. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.11.011. Epub 2011 Feb 22. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2011. PMID: 21345435
-
PALM-COEIN Nomenclature for Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.J Midwifery Womens Health. 2016 May;61(3):376-9. doi: 10.1111/jmwh.12440. Epub 2016 Mar 11. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2016. PMID: 26969858
-
Comparison of classic terminology with the FIGO PALM-COEIN system for classification of the underlying causes of abnormal uterine bleeding.Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2016 Jun;133(3):325-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.09.033. Epub 2016 Feb 16. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2016. PMID: 26952349
-
Abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive-aged women.Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2015 Mar;42(1):103-15. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2014.09.006. Epub 2014 Dec 5. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2015. PMID: 25681843 Review.
-
A pictorial review of ultrasonography of the FIGO classification for uterine leiomyomas.Abdom Radiol (NY). 2022 Jan;47(1):341-351. doi: 10.1007/s00261-021-03283-6. Epub 2021 Sep 28. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2022. PMID: 34581926 Review.
Cited by
-
Cyclical progestogens for heavy menstrual bleeding.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Aug 14;8(8):CD001016. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001016.pub3. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019. PMID: 31425626 Free PMC article.
-
Acute uterine bleeding unrelated to pregnancy: a Southern California Permanente Medical Group practice guideline.Perm J. 2013 Summer;17(3):43-56. doi: 10.7812/TPP/13-018. Perm J. 2013. PMID: 24355890 Free PMC article.
-
Complex Laparoscopic Myomectomy with Severe Adhesions Performed with Proper Preventive Measures and Power Morcellation Provides a Safe Choice in Certain Infertility Cases.Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2016;2016:4705790. doi: 10.1155/2016/4705790. Epub 2016 Sep 7. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2016. PMID: 27668110 Free PMC article.
-
Endometrial resection and ablation techniques for heavy menstrual bleeding.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jan 22;1(1):CD001501. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001501.pub5. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019. PMID: 30667064 Free PMC article.
-
Evaluation and management of heavy menstrual bleeding in adolescents: the role of the hematologist.Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2018 Nov 30;2018(1):390-398. doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2018.1.390. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2018. PMID: 30504337 Free PMC article. Review.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical