The treatment of patients with severe and multiple traumatic injuries

Abstract

Background: The care of severely and multiply injured patients is an interdisciplinary challenge. The only existing German-language guideline up to now has been the S1-guideline issued in 2002 by the German Society for Trauma Surgery (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie, DGU). In this article, we present a new, comprehensive, evidence and consensus based S3-guideline for the treatment of severely and multiply injured patients in the pre-hospital and early in-hospital phases which has been developed with the aim of structural and procedural quality optimization. Its implementation should lower these patients' mortality and improve their quality of life.

Methods: The guideline was developed by a panel consisting of 18 delegates from 11 specialty societies under the lead of the DGU, with designated coordinators for each of three phases of treatment: the pre-hospital phase, the emergency-room phase, and the emergency surgery phase. The key questions to be answered were determined by vote, and then the relevant literature (in English and German, 1995-2010) was systematically searched and evaluated. Key recommendations with explanatory texts were formulated and agreed upon in a nominal group process (NGP) with five consensus conferences and three further Delphi rounds.

Results: 264 recommendations were issued: 66 for the pre-hospital phase, 102 for the emergency-room phase, and 96 for the emergency surgery phase. The three phases were subcategorized according to organizational and anatomical considerations. Topics of major emphasis were, in the pre-hospital phase, the establishment and implementation of correct priorities for treatment; in the emergency-room phase, the creation of clear structures and processes; and, in the emergency surgery phase, the avoidance of secondary injury (i.e., the principle of damage control).

Conclusion: This guideline can only improve outcomes if it is implemented in routine practice. Aside from the guideline itself, the DGU trauma network (www.dgu-traumanetzwerk.de) has issued a set of directions as an aid to its implementation.

Figure

Flow diagram of the literature search. *Because of the large number of different guideline sections and author groups, the research periods vary and there may be overlaps in the references. The inclusion/exclusion criteria vary from section to section, and this was taken account of in the recommendation grades as appropriate.