Recent developments and applications of immobilized laccase

Abstract

Laccase is a promising biocatalyst with many possible applications, including bioremediation, chemical synthesis, biobleaching of paper pulp, biosensing, textile finishing and wine stabilization. The immobilization of enzymes offers several improvements for enzyme applications because the storage and operational stabilities are frequently enhanced. Moreover, the reusability of immobilized enzymes represents a great advantage compared with free enzymes. In this work, we discuss the different methodologies of enzyme immobilization that have been reported for laccases, such as adsorption, entrapment, encapsulation, covalent binding and self-immobilization. The applications of laccase immobilized by the aforementioned methodologies are presented, paying special attention to recent approaches regarding environmental applications and electrobiochemistry.

Keywords: (1-AP); (AAEM); (ABTS); (APTES); (AuNPs); (BPA); (BaP); (CC); (CCE); (CEPEI); (CLEAs); (CLECs); (CNS); (CPC-silica); (CPs); (DCP); (DET); (DMP); (EDC); (EPR); (GC); (GLU); (HFBs); (HGA); (HQ); (ITO); (LDG); (LDH); (LMSs); (LbL); (MB); (MCFs); (MCM); (MG); (MWL); (NHS); (NPG); (NTA); (OMMs); (OMW); (PAH); (PAHs); (PEG); (PEI); (PHEMAH); (POMs); (PPD); (PS); (PSS); (PVAs); (Pt); (RBBR); (RKL); (RR); (SAM); (SBA-15); (SERS); (SGZ); (SPEs); (TCP); (TCS); (semi-IPNs); 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride; 1-aminopyrene; 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); 2,4,6-trichlorophenol; 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol; 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane; Adsorption; Benzo[a]pyrene; Biodegradation; Biosensor; Bisphenol A; Carbon ceramic electron; Cetyl ethyl poly(ethyleneimine); Chlorophenols; Controlled-porosity carrier beads; Covalent binding; Cross-linked enzyme aggregates; Cross-linked enzyme crystals; Cyano-modified silica; Cyanuric chloride; Dichlorophenol; Direct electron transfer; Electrobiochemistry; Electron paramagnetic resonance; Encapsulation; Entrapment; Fuel cell; Glassy carbon electrode; Glutaraldehyde; Gold nanoparticles; Homogentisic acid; Hydrophobins; Hydroquinone; Immobilization; Indium tin oxide; Laccase; Laccase mediator systems; Layer by layer; Layered double hydroxide; Low density graphite electrode; Mesostructured siliceous cellular foams; Methyl green; Methylene blue; Milled wood lignin; Mobil composition of matter; N-hydroxysuccinimide; Nanoporous gold; Nitriloacetic acid; Olive oil mill wastewater; Ordered mesoporous materials; Platinum; Poly(ethyleneimine); Poly(hydroxymethylmethacrylate-n-methacryloly-(I)-histidinemethylester); Poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel particles; Polyallylamine hydrochloride; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Polyethylene glycol; Polyoxometalates; Polysodium 4-styrenesulfonate; Polystyrene particles; Remazol brilliant blue R; Residual kraft lignin; Resonance Raman; Santa Barbara amorphous; Screen printed electrodes; Self-assembled monolayer; Semi-interpenetrating networks; Surface-enhanced Raman scattering; Syringaldazine; Triclosan; para-phenylenediamine; β-Diketone groups.