Early risk factors for neonatal mortality in CAKUT: analysis of 524 affected newborns

Abstract

Background: Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are significant causes of morbidity. The aim of the study was to determine predictive factors of mortality in newborns with CAKUT.

Methods: All 29,653 consecutive newborns hospitalized in a tertiary neonatal unit between 1996 and 2006 were evaluated. The main outcome was neonatal mortality. The variables analyzed as risk factors were maternal age, first pregnancy, low birth weight (LBW), prematurity, oligohydramnios, and CAKUT associated with other malformations (Associated CAKUT).

Results: CAKUT was detected in 524 newborns, with an overall prevalence of 17.7 per 1,000 live births. A total of 325 (62%) cases were classified as urinary tract dilatation, 79 (15.1%) as renal cystic disease, and 120 (22.9%) as other subgroups. In the urinary tract dilatation subgroup, independent risk factors for early mortality were Associated CAKUT [odds ratio (OR) 20.7], prematurity (OR 4.5) LBW (OR 3.8), oligohydramnios (OR 3.0), and renal involvement (OR 3.0). In the renal cystic disease subgroup, two variables remained associated with neonatal mortality: LBW (OR 12.3) and Associated CAKUT (OR 21.4).

Conclusion: The presence of extrarenal anomalies was a strong predictor of poor outcome in a larger series of infants with CAKUT.