Contemporary management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Abstract

Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. In the United States, approximately 1 of every 6 deaths in 2007 was caused by coronary heart disease. Clinical presentation in the acute setting is mostly due to atherosclerotic plaque rupture leading to flow limitation in the affected vessel, and myocardial ischemia and infarction. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is usually associated with complete occlusion of the coronary artery and carries the worst prognosis in terms of in-hospital mortality. Despite various advances in treatment options, including percutaneous coronary intervention, ischemic heart disease still carries a significant morbidity and mortality. In this article, we aim to provide a summary of a few key advances in the management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.