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. 2009;9(6):4309-22.
doi: 10.3390/s90604309. Epub 2009 Jun 3.

Development of membrane selective electrode for determination of the antipsychotic sulpiride in pharmaceuticals and urine

Ma Soledad García  1 , Joaquín A Ortuño, Ma Isabel Albero, Mustafa Salem Abuherba
Affiliations

Development of membrane selective electrode for determination of the antipsychotic sulpiride in pharmaceuticals and urine

Ma Soledad García et al. Sensors (Basel). 2009.

Abstract

The construction and electrochemical response characteristics of a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane selective electrode for the determination of sulpiride (SPD) are described. The sensing membrane comprised an ion-exchanger formed between the protonated drug and tetraphenylborate (TPB(-)) in a plasticized PVC matrix. The influence of membrane composition on the electrode response was studied. The electrode showed a fast, stable and Nernstian response over a sulpiride concentration range (1 × 10(-4) - 1 × 10(-2) M) with a mean slope of 58.4 ± 0.9 mV dec(-1) of concentration, a mean detection limit of 4.2 × 10(-5) ± 1.2 × 10(-5) M, a wide working pH range (2 - 8) and a fast response time (< 15 s). The electrode showed good selectivity towards sulpiride with respect to some inorganic and organic compounds. When the electrode was applied to the determination of sulpiride in pharmaceuticals and human urine, a high percentage of recovery was attained with no need for sample pretreatment procedures because of the lack of interfering matrix effects.

Keywords: ion-selective electrode; pharmaceuticals; sulpiride determination; urine.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Sulpiride.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Measurement system used. A: Sulpiride selective electrode; B: Stirrer; C: Reference electrode; D: Sample; E: Potentiometer; F: Analogue-to-digital converter; G: Personal computer.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Calibration graphs of sulpiride obtained with the membranes A, B, C, D.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Influence of pH on the electrode potential for different sulpiride concentrations
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Dynamic response of electrode to different sulpiride concentrations. 0:0; 1:1 × 10-6 M; 2: 6 × 10-6 M; 3:1.6 × 10-5 M; 4: 6.6 × 10-5 M; 5: 1.6 × 10-4 M; 6: 1.1 × 10-3 M; 7: 9.1 × 10-3 M.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Calibration graph for sulpiride and interferent ions. Curves: 1 ranitidine; 2 sulpiride; 3 ofloxacine; 4 cimetidine; 5 K+; 6 NH4+; 7 – 17 Ca2+, Mg2+, glucose, lactose, sucrose, urea, uric acid, hipuric acid, amoxiciline, diclofenac and carbamazepine respectively.
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