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. 2012 Mar 30:6:10.
doi: 10.1186/1753-2000-6-10.

International prevalence of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury and deliberate self-harm

Jennifer J Muehlenkamp  1 , Laurence Claes, Lindsey Havertape, Paul L Plener
Affiliations

International prevalence of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury and deliberate self-harm

Jennifer J Muehlenkamp et al. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. .

Abstract

Background: The behaviours of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and deliberate self-harm (DSH) are prevalent among adolescents, and an increase of rates in recent years has been postulated. There is a lack of studies to support this postulation, and comparing prevalence across studies and nations is complicated due to substantial differences in the methodology and nomenclature of existing research.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of current (2005 - 2011) empirical studies reporting on the prevalence of NSSI and DSH in adolescent samples across the globe.

Results: Fifty-two studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were obtained for analysis. No statistically significant differences were found between NSSI (18.0% SD = 7.3) and DSH (16.1% SD = 11.6) studies. Assessment using single item questions led to lower prevalence rates than assessment with specific behaviour checklists. Mean prevalence rates have not increased in the past five years, suggesting stabilization.

Conclusion: NSSI and DSH have a comparable prevalence in studies with adolescents from different countries. The field would benefit from adopting a common approach to assessment to aide cross-cultural study and comparisons.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Average Prevalence of Self-Injury (NSSI and DSH) by Year of Study. Note. NSSI = non-suicidal self-injury; DSH = deliberate self-harm; *Due to limited studies published, years 2005 and 2006 were combined. We were unable to locate any studies of DSH prevalence published in 2010.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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