Marijuana use trajectories during the post-college transition: health outcomes in young adulthood

Abstract

Background: Despite the relatively high prevalence of marijuana use among college students, little information exists regarding health outcomes associated with different use patterns or trajectories.

Methods: Seven annual personal interviews (years 1-7) were administered to 1253 individuals, beginning in their first year in college. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify trajectories of marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco use frequency during years 1-6. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between marijuana use trajectories and several year 7 health outcomes, holding constant year 1 health, demographics, and alcohol and tobacco use trajectories.

Results: Six marijuana use trajectories were identified: non-use (71.5% (wt) of students), low-stable (10.0% (wt)), late-increase (4.7% (wt)), early-decline (4.3% (wt)), college-peak (5.4% (wt)), and chronic (4.2% (wt)). The six marijuana trajectory groups were not significantly different on year 1 health-related variables, but differed on all ten year 7 health outcomes tested, including functional impairment due to injury, illness, or emotional problems; general health rating; psychiatric symptoms; health-related quality of life; and service utilization for physical and mental health problems. Non-users fared significantly better than most of the marijuana-using trajectory groups on every outcome tested. Chronic and late-increase users had the worst health outcomes.

Conclusions: Marijuana use patterns change considerably during college and the post-college period. Marijuana-using students appear to be at risk for adverse health outcomes, especially if they increase or sustain a frequent pattern of use.

Figure 1

Marijuana use trajectories (N=1,253).

Figure 2

Alcohol use trajectories (N=1,253).

Figure 3

Tobacco use trajectories (N=1,253).