Mitochondrial metabolism in aging: effect of dietary interventions

Abstract

Mitochondrial energy metabolism and mitochondrially-derived oxidants have, for many years, been recognized as central toward the effects of aging. A body of recent work has focused on the relationship between mitochondrial redox state, aging and dietary interventions that affect lifespan. These studies have uncovered mechanisms through which diet alters mitochondrial metabolism, in addition to determining how these changes affect oxidant generation, which in itself has an impact on mitochondrial function in aged animals. Many of the studies conducted to date, however, are correlative, and it remains to be determined which of the energy metabolism and redox modifications induced by diet are central toward lifespan extent. Furthermore, dietary interventions used for laboratory animals are often unequal, and of difficult comparison with humans (for whom, by nature, no long-term sound scientific information on the effects of diet on mitochondrial redox state and aging is available). We hope future studies will be able to mechanistically characterize which energy metabolism and redox changes promoted by dietary interventions have positive lifespan effects, and translate these findings into human prevention and treatment of age-related disease.