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Meta-Analysis
. 2012 Apr 18;2012(4):CD002067.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002067.pub2.

Single dose oral aspirin for acute postoperative pain in adults

Sheena Derry  1 , R Andrew Moore
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Single dose oral aspirin for acute postoperative pain in adults

Sheena Derry et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: This review is an update of a previously published review in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews on 'Single dose oral aspirin for acute pain'. Aspirin has been known for many years to be an effective analgesic for many different pain conditions. Although its use as an analgesic is now limited in developed countries, it is widely available, inexpensive, and remains commonly used throughout the world.

Objectives: To assess the analgesic efficacy and associated adverse events of single dose oral aspirin in acute postoperative pain.

Search methods: For the earlier review, we identified randomised trials by searching CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library) (1998, Issue 1), MEDLINE (1966 to March 1998), EMBASE (1980 to January 1998), and the Oxford Pain Relief Database (1950 to 1994). We updated searches of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE to January 2012.

Selection criteria: Single oral dose, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of aspirin for relief of established moderate to severe postoperative pain in adults.

Data collection and analysis: We assessed studies for methodological quality and two review authors extracted the data independently. We used summed total pain relief (TOTPAR) over four to six hours to calculate the number of participants achieving at least 50% pain relief. We used these derived results to calculate, with 95% confidence intervals, the relative benefit compared to placebo, and the number needed to treat (NNT) for one participant to experience at least 50% pain relief over four to six hours. We sought numbers of participants using rescue medication over specified time periods, and time to use of rescue medication, as additional measures of efficacy. We collected information on adverse events and withdrawals.

Main results: We included 68 studies in which aspirin was used at doses from 300 mg to 1200 mg, but the vast majority of participants received either 600/650 mg (2409 participants, 64 studies) or 990/1000 mg (380 participants, eight studies). There was only one new study.Studies were overwhelmingly of adequate or good methodological quality. NNTs for at least 50% pain relief over four to six hours were 4.2 (3.9 to 4.8), 3.8 (3.0 to 5.1), and 2.7 (2.0 to 3.8) for 600/650 mg, 900/1000 mg, and 1200 mg respectively, compared with placebo. Type of pain model had no significant impact on the results. Lower doses were not significantly different from placebo. These results do not differ from those of the earlier review.Fewer participants required rescue medication with aspirin than with placebo over four to eight hours postdose, but by 12 hours there was no difference. The number of participants experiencing adverse events was not significantly different from placebo for 600/650 mg aspirin, but for 900/1000 mg the number needed to treat to harm was 7.5 (4.8 to 17). The most commonly reported events were dizziness, drowsiness, gastric irritation, nausea, and vomiting, nearly all of which were of mild to moderate severity.

Authors' conclusions: Aspirin is an effective analgesic for acute pain of moderate to severe intensity. High doses are more effective, but are associated with increased adverse events, including drowsiness and gastric irritation. The pain relief achieved with aspirin was very similar milligram for milligram to that seen with paracetamol. There was no change to the conclusions in this update.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

RAM has consulted for various pharmaceutical companies and received lecture fees from pharmaceutical companies related to analgesics and other healthcare interventions. RAM and SD have received research support from charities, government and industry sources at various times. Support for this review came from Oxford Pain Research Funds.

Figures

1
1
'Risk of bias' graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
2
2
Forest plot of comparison: 2 Aspirin 600 or 650 mg versus placebo, outcome: 2.1 Participants with at least 50% pain relief.
3
3
L'Abbé plot showing ≥ 50 % pain relief for all studies using 600/650 mg aspirin versus placebo. Each circle represents a different study. Size of circle is proportional to size of study.
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 Aspirin 500 mg versus placebo, Outcome 1 Participants with at least 50% pain relief.
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2 Aspirin 600 or 650 mg versus placebo, Outcome 1 Participants with at least 50% pain relief.
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2 Aspirin 600 or 650 mg versus placebo, Outcome 2 Participants using rescue medication at 4 to 5 h.
2.3
2.3. Analysis
Comparison 2 Aspirin 600 or 650 mg versus placebo, Outcome 3 Participants using rescue medication at 6 h.
2.4
2.4. Analysis
Comparison 2 Aspirin 600 or 650 mg versus placebo, Outcome 4 Participants using rescue medication at 12 h.
2.5
2.5. Analysis
Comparison 2 Aspirin 600 or 650 mg versus placebo, Outcome 5 Any adverse event.
3.1
3.1. Analysis
Comparison 3 Aspirin 900 or 1000 mg versus placebo, Outcome 1 Participants with at least 50% pain relief.
3.2
3.2. Analysis
Comparison 3 Aspirin 900 or 1000 mg versus placebo, Outcome 2 Participants using rescue medication at 4 to 5 h.
3.3
3.3. Analysis
Comparison 3 Aspirin 900 or 1000 mg versus placebo, Outcome 3 Participants using rescue medication at 6 h.
3.4
3.4. Analysis
Comparison 3 Aspirin 900 or 1000 mg versus placebo, Outcome 4 Any adverse event.
4.1
4.1. Analysis
Comparison 4 Aspirin 1200 mg versus placebo, Outcome 1 Participants with at least 50% pain relief.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Update of

References

References to studies included in this review

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Frame 1986 {published data only}
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Gaston 1984 {published data only}
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Gaston 1986 {published data only}
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Herbertson 1994 {published data only}
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Herrmann 1980a {published data only}
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Herrmann 1980b {published data only}
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Holland 1988 {published data only}
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Honig 1978 {published data only}
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Jain 1985a {published data only}
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Jain 1985b {published data only}
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Jain 1986a {published data only}
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Jain 1986b {published data only}
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Kempf 1987 {published data only}
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Lehnert 1990 {published data only}
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London 1983a {published data only}
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London 1983b {published data only}
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Mardirossian 1985 {published data only}
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Markowitz 1985 {published data only}
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McQuay 1987 {published data only}
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Mehlisch 1984 {published data only}
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Mehlisch 1990 {published data only}
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Mehlisch 1994 {published data only}
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Nelson 1985 {published data only}
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Nelson 1994a {published data only}
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Olsen 1997 {published data only}
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Or 1988 {published data only}
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Patel 1991 {published data only}
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Rowe 1985 {published data only}
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Seymour 1986 {published data only}
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Seymour 1992 {published data only}
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Seymour 2003 {published data only}
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Sunshine 1983a {published data only}
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Sunshine 1983b {published data only}
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Sunshine 1983c {published data only}
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Sunshine 1988 {published data only}
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Wang 1982 {published data only}
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Winter 1983a {published data only}
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References to studies excluded from this review

Ahlstrom 1968 {published data only}
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Ahlstrom 1974 {published data only}
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Bhounsule 1990 {published data only}
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Bloomfield 1974 {published data only}
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Bloomfield 1976 {published data only}
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Boerlin 1986 {published data only}
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Burguet 1989 {published data only}
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Campos 1980 {published data only}
    1. Campos VM, Solis EL. The analgesic and hypothermic effects of nefopam, morphine, aspirin, diphenhydramine, and placebo. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1980;20(1):42‐9. - PubMed
Capuano 1990 {published data only}
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Carstens 1987 {published data only}
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Cooper 1976 {published data only}
    1. Cooper SA, Beaver WT. A model to evaluate mild analgesics in oral surgery outpatients. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1976;20(2):241‐50. - PubMed
Cooper 1979b {published data only}
    1. Cooper SA, Breen JF, Giuliani RL. Replicate studies comparing the relative efficacies of aspirin and indoprofen in oral surgery outpatients. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1979;19(2‐3):151‐9. - PubMed
Cooper 1980a {published data only}
    1. Cooper SA, Reynolds DC, Kruger GO, Gottlieb S. An analgesic relative potency assay comparing zomepirac sodium and aspirin. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1980;20(2‐3):98‐106. - PubMed
Cooper 1980b {published data only}
    1. Cooper S. Efficacy of zomepirac in oral surgical pain. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1980;20(4):230‐42. - PubMed
Cordero 1985 {published data only}
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Dahl 1985 {published data only}
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