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. 2012 Jul;20(7):614-21.
doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.02.644. Epub 2012 Apr 19.

Sex dimorphism in the association of cardiometabolic characteristics and osteophytes-defined radiographic knee osteoarthritis among obese and non-obese adults: NHANES III

C A Karvonen-Gutierrez  1 , Mf R Sowers, S G Heeringa
Affiliations

Sex dimorphism in the association of cardiometabolic characteristics and osteophytes-defined radiographic knee osteoarthritis among obese and non-obese adults: NHANES III

C A Karvonen-Gutierrez et al. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2012 Jul.

Abstract

Objective: To examine the relationship of knee osteoarthritis (OA) with cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors by obesity status and gender.

Methods: Data from 1,066 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III participants (≥60 years of age) was used to examine relationships of osteophytes-defined radiographic knee OA and cardiovascular and metabolic measures. Analyses were considered among obese [body mass index (BMI)≥30 kg/m(2)] and non-obese (BMI<30 kg/m(2)) men and women.

Results: The prevalence of osteophytes-defined radiographic knee OA was 34%. Leptin levels and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), a proxy measure of insulin resistance, were significantly associated with knee OA; those with knee OA had 35% higher HOMA-IR values and 52% higher leptin levels compared to those without knee OA. The magnitude of the association between HOMA-IR and knee OA was strongest among men, regardless of obesity status; odds ratios (ORs) for HOMA-IR were 34% greater among non-obese men (OR=1.18) vs obese women (OR=0.88). Among obese women, a 5-μg/L higher leptin was associated with nearly 30% higher odds of having knee OA (OR=1.28). Among men, ORs for the association of leptin and knee OA were in the opposite direction.

Conclusions: Cardiometabolic dysfunction is related to osteophytes-defined radiographic knee OA prevalence and persists within subgroups defined by obesity status and gender. A sex dimorphism in the direction and magnitude of cardiometabolic risk factors with respect to knee OA was described including HOMA-IR being associated with OA prevalence among men while leptin levels were most important among women.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest

None of the authors have any financial conflicts of interest to report.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Prevalence (95% CI) of osteophytes-defined radiographic knee OA by obesity status and gender among NHANES III sample.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
OR (95% CI) of osteophytes-defined radiographic knee OA associated with HOMA-IR by gender and obesity status, NHANES III. Estimates from each of the four obesity by sex models were adjusted for age, ethnicity, marital status, educational attainment, smoking status, leptin, BMI, logtriglycerides, LDL-c, and SBP.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
OR (95% CI) of osteophytes-defined radiographic knee OA associated with leptin by gender and obesity status, NHANES III. Estimates from each of the four obesity by sex models were adjusted for age, ethnicity, marital status, educational attainment, smoking status, HOMA-IR, BMI, logtriglycerides, LDL-c, and SBP.
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