Distinguishing clinicopathologic features of patients with V600E and V600K BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma

Abstract

Purpose: Certain clinicopathologic features correlate with BRAF mutation status in melanoma including younger age and primary subtype. This study sought to determine the BRAF mutation status by age-decade and whether BRAF-mutant genotypes correlated with clinicopathologic features and outcome in patients with metastatic melanoma.

Methods: A prospectively assembled cohort of Australian patients were followed from diagnosis of metastatic melanoma (N = 308). Clinicopathologic variables were correlated with BRAF mutational status, genotype, and survival.

Results: Forty-six percent of patients had a BRAF mutation; 73% V600E, 19% V600K, and 8% other genotypes. An inverse relationship existed between BRAF mutation prevalence and age-decade (P < 0.001). All patients <30 years and only 25% ≥ 70 years had BRAF-mutant melanoma. Amongst BRAF-mutant melanoma, the frequency of non-V600E genotypes (including V600K) increased with increasing age. Non-V600E genotypes comprised <20% in patients <50 years and >40% in those ≥ 70 years. A higher degree of cumulative sun-induced damage correlated with V600K but not V600E melanoma (P = 0.002). The disease-free interval from diagnosis of primary melanoma to first distant metastasis was shorter for patients with V600K compared with V600E melanoma (17.4 vs. 39.2 months, P = 0.048), with no difference in survival thereafter. In patients BRAF tested at diagnosis of metastatic melanoma, one year survival from diagnosis of metastasis was significantly longer for patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma treated with an inhibitor (83%), than those not treated with an inhibitor (29%, P < 0.001), or patients with BRAF wild-type melanoma (37%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Different genotypes exist within BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma, representing biologically and clinically discrete subtypes, suggesting distinct etiology and behavior.