The nurse's role in improving health disparities experienced by the indigenous Māori of New Zealand

Abstract

Many countries across the globe experience disparities in health between their indigenous and non-indigenous people. The indigenous Māori of New Zealand are the most marginalized and deprived ethnic group with the poorest health status overall. Factors including the historical British colonization, institutional discrimination, healthcare workforce bias and the personal attitudes and beliefs of Māori significantly contribute to disparities, differential access and receipt of quality health services. Māori experience more barriers towards accessing health services and as a result achieve poorer health outcomes. Contradicting translations of Te Tiriti o Waitangi have created much debate regarding social rights as interpreted by Oritetanga (equal British citizenship rights) and whether or not Māori are entitled to equal opportunities or equal outcomes. Inconsistent consideration of Māori culture in the New Zealand health system and social policy greatly contributes to the current health disparities. Nurses and healthcare professionals alike have the gifted opportunity to truly change attitudes toward Māori health and move forward in adopting culturally appropriate care practices. More specifically the nursing workforce provides 80% of direct patient care, thus are in a unique position to be the forefront of change in reducing health disparities experienced by Māori. Incorporating cultural safety, patient advocacy, and Māori-centred models of care will support nurses in adopting a new approach toward improving Māori health outcomes overall.