The Discriminatory Value of CYP2D6 Genotyping in Predicting the Dextromethorphan/Dextrorphan Phenotype in Women with Breast Cancer
- PMID: 22553469
- PMCID: PMC3335358
- DOI: 10.1159/000336551
The Discriminatory Value of CYP2D6 Genotyping in Predicting the Dextromethorphan/Dextrorphan Phenotype in Women with Breast Cancer
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The growth inhibitory effect of tamoxifen is used for the treatment of breast cancer. Tamoxifen efficacy is mediated by its biotransformation, predominantly via the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) isoenzyme, to the active metabolite endoxifen. We investigated the relationship of CYP2D6 genotypes to the metabolism of dextromethorphan (DM), which is frequently used as a surrogate marker for the formation of endoxifen. METHODS: The CYP2D6 genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in previously untreated patients with hormone receptor-positive invasive breast cancer considered to receive antihormonal therapy. The DM/dextrorphan (DX) urinary excretion ratios were obtained in a subset of patients by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-mediated urine analysis after intake of 25 mg DM. The relationships of genotype and corresponding phenotype were statistically analyzed for association. RESULTS: From 151 patients predicted based on their genotype data for the 'traditional' CYP2D6 phenotype classes poor, intermediate, extensive and ultrarapid, 83 patients were examined for their DM/DX urinary ratios. The genotype-based poor metabolizer status correlated with the DM/DX ratios, whereas the intermediate, extensive and ultrarapid genotypes could not be distinguished based on their phenotype. Citalopram intake did not significantly influence the phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: The DM metabolism can be reliably used to assess the CYP2D6 enzyme activity. The correlation with the genotype can be incomplete and the metabolic ratios do not seem to be compromised by citalopram. DM phenotyping may provide a standardized tool to better assess the CYP2D6 metabolic capacity.
Hintergrund: Das Wachstum von Brustkrebs kann durch Tamoxifen gehemmt werden. Tamoxifen ist ein Prodrug das in einer ersten Reaktion vom Cytochrom P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)-Isoenzym in das aktive Endoxifen umgewandelt wird. Wir haben das Verhältnis zwischen CYP2D6-Genotypen und dem Metabolismus von Dextromethorphan (DM), das häufig als Surrogat für die Bildung von Endoxifen verwendet wird, untersucht.
Material und Methoden: Der CYP2D6-Genotyp wurde mittels Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR) bei vorgängig unbehandelten Frauen mit Hormonrezeptor-positivem Brustkrebs untersucht, die für eine antihormonelle Therapie in Betracht kamen. Die renalen DM/Dextrorphan (DX)-Exkretionsquotienten wurden nach Einnahme von 25 mg DM über Hochdruck-Flüssigchromatographie (HPLC)-vermittelte Urin-Analyse bestimmt. Das Verhältnis von Genotyp und Phänotyp wurde statistisch analysiert.
Ergebnisse: Von 151 Patientinnen, die über den CYP2D6-Genotyp den traditionellen” Phänotypklassen poor, intermediate, extensive und ultrarapid zugeordnet wurden, konnten 83 anhand ihrer renalen DM/DX-Exkretionsratio phänotypisiert werden. Der Genotyp poor metabolizer-Status korrelierte dabei mit der DM/DX-Exkretionsratio, während intermediate, extensive und ultrarapide Genotypen aufgrund ihres Phänotyps nicht voneinander unterschieden werden konnten. Die Einnahme von Citalopram hatte keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf den Phänotyp.
Schlussfolgerungen: Mittels DM-Metabolismus kann die CYP2D6-Aktivität zuverlässig bestimmt werden. Die Korrelation mit dem Genotyp kann inkomplett sein und scheint durch Citalopram unbeeinträchtigt. Die DM-Phänotypisierung könnte zur Bestimmung der metabolischen Kapazität von CYP2D6 standardisiert werden.
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