Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2011;4(6):658-69.
doi: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2011.06.17. Epub 2011 Dec 18.

Epidemiology, genetics and treatments for myopia

Lei Yu  1 , Zhi-Kui Li, Jin-Rong Gao, Jian-Rong Liu, Chang-Tai Xu
Affiliations

Epidemiology, genetics and treatments for myopia

Lei Yu et al. Int J Ophthalmol. 2011.

Abstract

Myopia is a significant public health problem and its prevalence is increasing over time and genetic factors in disease development are important. The prevalence and incidence of myopia within sampled population often varies with age, country, sex, race, ethnicity, occupation, environment, and other factors. Myopia growth is under a combination of genes and their products in time and space to complete the coordination role of the guidance. Myopia-related genes include about 70 genetic loci to which primary myopias have been mapped, although the number is constantly increasing and depends to some extent on definition. Of these, several are associated with additional abnormalities, mostly as part of developmental syndromes. These tend to result from mutations in genes encoding transcriptional activators, and most of these have been identified by sequencing candidate genes in patients with developmental anomalies. Currently, COL1A1 (collagen alpha-1 chain of type I), COL2A1 (collagen alpha-1 chain of type II), ACTC1 (actin, alpha, cardiac muscle 1), PAX6 (paired box gene 6) and NIPBL (nipped-B homolog), and so on have been mapped. Myopia is most commonly treated with spectacles or glasses. The most common surgical procedure performed to correct myopia is laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). This review of the recent advances on epidemiology, genetic locations and treatments of myopia are summarized.

Keywords: epidemiology; genes; genetics; myopia; refractive correction; refractive error; treatment.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of myopia
None
None
None
None
None
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Knorz MC, Lane SS, Holland SP. Angle-supported phakic intraocular lens for correction of moderate to high myopia: Three-year interim results in international multicenter studies. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37(3):469–480. - PubMed
    1. Nieto-Bona A, González-Mesa A, Nieto-Bona MP, Villa-Collar C, Lorente-Velázquez A. Short-term effects of overnight orthokeratology on corneal cell morphology and corneal thickness. Cornea. 2011;30(6):646–654. - PubMed
    1. Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial 2 Study Group for the Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group Progressive-addition lenses versus single-vision lenses for slowing progression of myopia in children with high accommodative lag and near esophoria. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(5):2749–2757. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Siegwart JT, Jr, Norton TT. Perspective: how might emmetropization and genetic factors produce myopia in normal eyes? Optom Vis Sci. 2011;88(3):E365–372. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Meng W, Butterworth J, Malecaze F, Calvas P. Axial length of myopia: a review of current research. Ophthalmologica. 2011;225(3):127–134. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources