Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels correlate well with functional but not with cognitive status in 85-year-old subjects

Abstract

Objectives: We evaluate the association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and physical and cognitive performance indicators in 85-year-old subjects.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: A community-based study.

Participants: 321 subjects enrolled in the Octabaix Study.

Methods: Functional status was determined using the Lawton-Brody Index (LI) and the Barthel Index (BI). Cognition was assessed using the modified Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MEC). We also measured risks related to nutrition and falls, as well as comorbidity and chronic drug prescription. HDL-C serum concentrations <40 mg/dl for men and <46 mg/dl for women were used as cut-off values to discriminate between normal and low HDL-C concentrations.

Results: The sample consisted of 197 women (61%) and 124 men. Mean HDL-C levels were 56.5 ± 15 mg/dl, with gender differences being found (59.3 ± 15 mg/dl in women vs. 52.1 ± 13 mg/dl in men; p<0.0001). Sixty-one subjects (19%) had low HDL-C values. HDL-C levels correlated with BI (r=0.11, p=0.04) and LI (r=0.17, p=0.002) scores, but not with MEC scores (r=0.08, p=0.13). Poor BI and LI scores, lower MEC scores, a risk of falls and malnutrition, and polypharmacy were all associated with lower HDL-C values in the bivariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed only a significant association between normal HDL-C serum values and better BI scores (p<0.001, OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.04).

Conclusions: Individuals with higher levels of HDL-C had better functional and cognitive status, but after multivariate analysis this relationship only remained significant for functional status.