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. 2012 Jul 2;5(1):27.
doi: 10.1186/1755-8166-5-27.

Exosome-delivered microRNAs of "chromosome 19 microRNA cluster" as immunomodulators in pregnancy and tumorigenesis

Jörn Bullerdiek  1 , Inga Flor
Affiliations

Exosome-delivered microRNAs of "chromosome 19 microRNA cluster" as immunomodulators in pregnancy and tumorigenesis

Jörn Bullerdiek et al. Mol Cytogenet. .

Abstract

Background: Structural rearrangements of chromosomal band 19q13 are a non-random cytogenetic abnormality in thyroid adenomas and adenomatous goiters and lead to an expression of miRNAs of the chromosome 19 microRNA cluster C19MC. Normally, expression of these miRNAs is silenced except for embryonic stem cells and the placenta where they represent the majority of miRNAs not only in the trophoblast but also in exosomes derived from it.

Presentation of the hypothesis: We have advanced the hypothesis that as part of the feto-maternal communication miRNAs of C19MC serve immunomodulatory functions in the placenta and confer a growth advantage to thyroid nodules by protecting them against autoimmune attacks. More precisely, the exosomes containing these miRNAs may specifically target immune cells in their local environment as well as systemically by transferring their cargo to recipient cells. Within these target cells the transferred miRNAs can interact with mRNAs of the recipient cells thereby suppressing their immune-specific functions.

Testing the hypothesis: Experiments used to demonstrate the immunomodulatory capacity of placenta-derived exosomes can be modified by transfecting the target cells with those miRNAs of C19MC represented in placental exosomes.

Implications of the hypothesis: Mimics of C19MC-derived miRNAs might develop to useful drug candidates for the treatment of autoimmune disease as e.g. rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren's syndrome and for the prevention of transplant rejection. In case of tumor entities with elevated expression of C19MC miRNAs these miRNAs may be interesting targets for treatment with appropriate antagonists.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Partial karyotype of an adenoma with an apparently balanced translocation t(1;19)(q32;q13.4) is shown as an example of adenomas with a 19q13.4 chromosomal rearrangement. (B) Metaphase of a thyroid adenoma with a t(1;19)(q32;q13.4) after FISH with dual-color break-apart rearrangement probe appropriate for the detection of 19q13.4 rearrangements. The 19q13.4 rearrangement is indicated by one single green and one single red signal each. (C) The chromosomal region 19q13.4 with the miRNA clusters C19MC and miR-371-3 (pink boxes) and surrounding protein-coding genes (blue boxes). The common breakpoint cluster of thyroid adenomas and adenomatous goiters is indicated by an arrow.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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