Myofunctional and speech rehabilitation after orthodontic-surgical treatment of dento-maxillofacial dysgnathia

Abstract

Objectives: The lingual dysfunctions play a considerable role in the pathogenesis of dentoskeletal dysmorphisms. The treatment of dento-maxillofacial dysgnathia implies a functional rehabilitation to re-harmonize the stomatognathic system. This study aims to demonstrate the importance of a rehabilitation protocol of functional orofacial parameters at the end of a surgical-orthodontic treatment in order to achieve long-term success.

Materials and methods: After orthognathic surgery, facial expression exercises and jaw exercises are prescribed to promote the recovery of neuromuscular function. At the end of treatment, a sample of 30 dysgnathic patients underwent a functional evaluation of the orofacial district to identify any lingual or articulatory dysfunctions. The information gathered led to an individual re-education program that consisted of an active myofunctional-logopedic approach integrated with appliances used as retention.

Results: 19 patients needed myofunctional therapy to re-educate deglutition and tongue posture. Articulatory disorders were found in 7 patients originally suffering from Class III and/or open-bite skeletal disharmony; 5 of these completed rehabilitation with speech therapy. After rehabilitation the functional parameters were completely normalized in 12 patients; in 5 cases, partial improvements were obtained, while in 2 cases the therapy was ineffective.

Conclusions: In a patient undergoing post-surgical reconsolidation of his/her functional equilibrium even an uncontrolled speech defect may lead to an instable result. Only through an interdisciplinary approach it is possible to intercept and re-educate all the functions that are not compliant with the structural changes and to eliminate a tendency to relapse of the dysgnathia.