Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2012 Sep 1;61(1):1-8.
doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825a289b.

Transmitted drug resistance and phylogenetic relationships among acute and early HIV-1-infected individuals in New York City

Delivette Castor  1 , Andrea Low, Teresa Evering, Sharon Karmon, Brandi Davis, Amir Figueroa, Melissa LaMar, Donald Garmon, Saurabh Mehandru, Martin Markowitz
Affiliations

Transmitted drug resistance and phylogenetic relationships among acute and early HIV-1-infected individuals in New York City

Delivette Castor et al. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. .

Abstract

Background: Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) is critical to managing HIV-1-infected individuals and being a public health concern. We report on TDR prevalence and include analyses of phylogenetic clustering of HIV-1 in a predominantly men who have sex with men cohort diagnosed during acute/recent HIV-1 infection in New York City.

Methods: Genotypic resistance testing was conducted on plasma samples of 600 individuals with acute/recent HIV-1 infection (1995-2010). Sequences were used for resistance and phylogenetic analyses. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from medical records. TDR was defined according to International AIDS Society-USA and Stanford HIV database guidelines. Phylogenetic and other analyses were conducted using PAUP*4.0 and SAS, respectively.

Results: The mean duration since HIV-1 infection was 66.5 days. TDR prevalence was 14.3% and stably ranged between 10.8% and 21.6% (P(trend) = 0.42). Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors resistance declined from 15.5% to 2.7% over the study period (P(trend) = 0.005). M41L (3.7%), T215Y (4.0%), and K103N/S (4.7%) were the most common mutations. K103N/S prevalence increased from 1.9% to 8.0% between 1995 and 2010 (P(trend) = 0.04). Using a rigorous definition of clustering, 19.3% (112 of 581) of subtype B viral sequences cosegregated into transmission clusters and clusters increased over time. There were fewer and smaller transmission clusters than had been reported in a similar cohort in Montreal but similar to reports from elsewhere.

Conclusions: TDR is stable in this cohort and remains a significant concern to both individual patient management and the public health.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest

M. Markowitz has received research funding from Merck, Gilead Sciences, and GlaxoSmithKline. He has been a paid consultant to Merck, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, ViiV and Jannsen. He has received honoraria for Speaker’s Bureau participation from Gilead, Bristol-Myers-Squibb and Janssen. For the remaining authors, no conflicts were decleared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree showing clustered subtype B acute HIV-1 infections (AHI)
Phylogenetic clusters were defined using the following criteria; 1) 99% bootstrap and < 0.015 branch length (green), 2) 95% bootstrap value and < 0.015 branch length (blue), and 3) 95% bootstrap no branch length criterion.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Boden D, Hurley A, Zhang L, Cao Y, Guo Y, Jones E, et al. HIV-1 drug resistance in newly infected individuals. Jama. 1999;282:1135–1141. - PubMed
    1. Simon V, Vanderhoeven J, Hurley A, Ramratnam B, Louie M, Dawson K, et al. Evolving patterns of HIV-1 resistance to antiretroviral agents in newly infected individuals. Aids. 2002;16:1511–1519. - PubMed
    1. Shet A, Berry L, Mohri H, Mehandru S, Chung C, Kim A, et al. Tracking the prevalence of transmitted antiretroviral drug-resistant HIV-1: a decade of experience. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006;41:439–446. - PubMed
    1. Dunn DT, Gibb DM, Babiker AG, Green H, Darbyshire JH, Weller IV. HIV drug resistance testing: is the evidence really there? Antivir Ther. 2004;9:641–648. - PubMed
    1. Brenner BG, Roger M, Routy JP, Moisi D, Ntemgwa M, Matte C, et al. High rates of forward transmission events after acute/early HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis. 2007;195:951–959. - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms