Influence of mycotoxins and a mycotoxin adsorbing agent on the oral bioavailability of commonly used antibiotics in pigs

Abstract

It is recognized that mycotoxins can cause a variety of adverse health effects in animals, including altered gastrointestinal barrier function. It is the aim of the present study to determine whether mycotoxin-contaminated diets can alter the oral bioavailability of the antibiotics doxycycline and paromomycin in pigs, and whether a mycotoxin adsorbing agent included into diets interacts with those antibiotics. Experiments were conducted with pigs utilizing diets that contained blank feed, mycotoxin-contaminated feed (T-2 toxin or deoxynivalenol), mycotoxin-contaminated feed supplemented with a glucomannan mycotoxin binder, or blank feed supplemented with mycotoxin binder. Diets with T-2 toxin and binder or deoxynivalenol and binder induced increased plasma concentrations of doxycycline administered as single bolus in pigs compared to diets containing blank feed. These results suggest that complex interactions may occur between mycotoxins, mycotoxin binders, and antibiotics which could alter antibiotic bioavailability. This could have consequences for animal toxicity, withdrawal time for oral antibiotics, or public health.

Keywords: antibiotics; interaction; mycotoxin binder; mycotoxins; pigs; safety testing.

Figure 1

Mean plasma concentrations (+SD) in pigs after a single peroral administration of doxycycline at 10 mg kg⁻¹ body weight (n = 6). Prior to the bolus, pigs received during 7 days, blank feed (control group), feed contaminated with 100 µg T-2 toxin per kg feed, feed contaminated with 100 µg T-2 toxin per kg feed supplemented with mycotoxin binder and blank feed supplemented with mycotoxin binder, respectively.

Figure 2

Mean plasma concentrations (+SD) in pigs after single peroral administration of paromomycin at 100 mg kg⁻¹ body weight (n = 6). Prior to the bolus, pigs received during 7 days, blank feed (control group), feed contaminated with 100 µg T-2 toxin per kg feed, feed contaminated with 100 µg T-2 toxin per kg feed supplemented with mycotoxin binder and blank feed supplemented with mycotoxin binder, respectively.

Figure 3

Mean plasma (+SD) concentrations in pigs after single peroral administration of doxycycline at 10 mg kg⁻¹ body weight (n = 6). Prior to the bolus, pigs received during 13 days, blank feed (control group), feed contaminated with 1 mg DON per kg feed, feed contaminated with 1 mg DON per kg feed supplemented with mycotoxin binder and blank feed supplemented with mycotoxin binder, respectively.

Figure 4

Mean (+SD) plasma concentrations in pigs after single peroral administration of paromomycin at 100 mg·kg⁻¹ body weight (n = 6). Prior to the bolus, pigs received during 13 days, blank feed (control group), feed contaminated with 1 mg DON per kg feed, feed contaminated with 1 mg DON per kg feed supplemented with mycotoxin binder and blank feed supplemented with mycotoxin binder, respectively.