Sexually dimorphic effect of aging on skeletal muscle protein synthesis

Abstract

Background: Although there appear to be no differences in muscle protein turnover in young and middle aged men and women, we have reported significant differences in the rate of muscle protein synthesis between older adult men and women. This suggests that aging may affect muscle protein turnover differently in men and women.

Methods: We measured the skeletal muscle protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR) by using stable isotope-labeled tracer methods during basal postabsorptive conditions and during a hyperaminoacidemic-hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in eight young men (25-45 y), ten young women (25-45 y), ten old men (65-85 y) and ten old women (65-85 y).

Results: The basal muscle protein FSR was not different in young and old men (0.040 ± 0.004 and 0.043 ± 0.005%·h-1, respectively) and combined insulin, glucose and amino acid infusion significantly increased the muscle protein FSR both in young (to 0.063 ± 0.006%·h-1) and old (to 0.051 ± 0.008%·h-1) men but the increase (0.023 ± 0.004 vs. 0.009 ± 0.004%·h-1, respectively) was ~60% less in the old men (P = 0.03). In contrast, the basal muscle protein FSR was ~30% greater in old than young women (0.060 ± 0.003 vs. 0.046 ± 0.004%·h-1, respectively; P < 0.05) and combined insulin, glucose and amino acid infusion significantly increased the muscle protein FSR in young (P < 0.01) but not in old women (P = 0.10) so that the FSR was not different between young and old women during the clamp (0.074 ± 0.006%·h-1 vs. 0.072 ± 0.006%·h-1, respectively).

Conclusions: There is sexual dimorphism in the age-related changes in muscle protein synthesis and thus the metabolic processes responsible for the age-related decline in muscle mass.

Figure 1

Skeletal muscle protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR) during basal, post-absorptive conditions (top) and the increase in muscle protein FSR in response to the hyperinsulinemic-hyperaminoacidemic-euglycemic clamp procedure (bottom) in young and old men and young and old women. Data are median (central horizontal line), inter-quartile range (box), and minimum and maximum values (vertical lines). Bars not sharing the same letter are significantly different from each other (P < 0.05).

Figure 2

Skeletal muscle protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR) during basal, post-absorptive conditions and during the hyperinsulinemic-hyperaminoacidemic-euglycemic clamp procedure in young and old men (top) and young and old women (bottom). Data are means ± SEM. For both men and women, ANOVA revealed a significant age x clamp interaction (P < 0.05). Within each group (i.e., men or women), bars not sharing the same letter are significantly different from each other (P < 0.05).