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. 2012 Feb 7:3:19.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00019. eCollection 2012.

Catabolism and deactivation of the lipid-derived hormone jasmonoyl-isoleucine

Abraham J K Koo  1 , Gregg A Howe
Affiliations

Catabolism and deactivation of the lipid-derived hormone jasmonoyl-isoleucine

Abraham J K Koo et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

The oxylipin hormone jasmonate controls myriad processes involved in plant growth, development, and immune function. The discovery of jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile) as the major bioactive form of the hormone highlights the need to understand biochemical and cell biological processes underlying JA-Ile homeostasis. Among the major metabolic control points governing the accumulation of JA-Ile in plant tissues are the availability of jasmonic acid, the immediate precursor of JA-Ile, and oxidative enzymes involved in catabolism and deactivation of the hormone. Recent studies indicate that JA-Ile turnover is mediated by a ω-oxidation pathway involving members of the CYP94 family of cytochromes P450. This discovery opens new opportunities to genetically manipulate JA-Ile levels for enhanced resistance to environmental stress, and further highlights ω-oxidation as a conserved pathway for catabolism of lipid-derived signals in plants and animals. Functional characterization of the full complement of CYP94 P450s promises to reveal new pathways for jasmonate metabolism and provide insight into the evolution of oxylipin signaling in land plants.

Keywords: Arabidopsis; cytochrome P450; jasmonate; lipid signaling; omega oxidation; oxylipin metabolism; plant defense; plant hormone.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Major pathways for the biosynthesis and catabolism of JA-Ile. Confirmed biochemical pathways and products are indicated by solid lines, whereas dashed lines denote hypothetical pathways for which there is currently little or no evidence. See text for details.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The CYP94-mediated ω-oxidation pathway for JA-Ile catabolism. The dashed line denoting formation of the CoA ester of 12COOH-JA-Ile by an acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) is hypothetical.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Phylogeny of the CYP94 family of cytochrome P450s in the land plants. A total of 70 deduced full-length amino acid sequences were aligned by Clustal X and displayed as a circular cladogram using Phylip 3.68 and DENDROSCOPE v3.0.13beta (Huson et al., 2007). Abbreviations and number of sequences: Arabidopsis thaliana (At: 6), Oryza sativa (Os: 18), Glycine max (Gm: 14), Medicago truncatula (Mt: 4), Vitis vinifera (Vv: 9), Populus trichocarpa (Pt: 13), Physcomitrella patens (Pp: 2), Selaginella moellendorffii (Sm: 4).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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