[Estrogens and brain]

Abstract

Recent data upon molecular mechanisms of pleiotropic action of estrogens in human brain is presented in the article. Given detailed descriptions of properties of classical and membrane bound estradiol receptors, that maintain gene expression regulation, modulation of neurotransmittent systems and signal cascade activation in neuronal cells. Data upon regional distribution of estradiol receptor subtypes in the brain, their participation in main cell population function control (including progenitor cells) is given. Special attention is paid to estrogen participation in neurogenesis, inflammation and apoptosis regulation in central nervous system; in the control of formation and functioning of cerebral vessels.