Effect of different collegiate sports on cortical bone in the tibia

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sports participation on cortical bone in the tibia.

Methods: 53 female collegiate athletes (25 cross-country, 16 soccer, and 12 volleyball) and 20 inactive controls had the left distal 20% tibia scanned by pQCT. Cortical volumetric BMD (vBMD) was measured within the cortical shell at the anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral regions and standard deviations were calculated.

Results: Total vBMD was greater in the control group (1161±5 mg/mm(3)) than each of the sports (p<0.05). Soccer players (1147±5 mg/mm(3)) had greater vBMD than volleyball players (1136±7 mg/mm(3)) (p<0.05), but similar to cross-country runners (1145±5 mg/mm(3)). Cortical thickness was greatest in soccer players (4.1±0.1 mm), while cross-country and control subjects (3.8±0.1 mm) had greater thickness than volleyball players (3.4±0.1 mm)(p<0.05). Periosteal circumference was greater in volleyball players (71±1.4 mm) than soccer, cross-country, and control subjects (68±0.9, 69±0.8, and 66±1 mm, respectively; all, p<0.05). vBMD variation within the cortical shell was greater among control subjects (70±6 mg/cm(3)) than each of the athlete groups, with soccer players having lower variation than cross country runners (within-in person SD 36±6 mg/cm(3) and 54±5 mg/cm(3) respectively; p<0.05).

Conclusion: These results indicate bone geometry and distribution within the cortical shell of the tibia varies depending upon sporting activities of young women.