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Review
. 2012 Jun;14 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S11-21.
doi: 10.1089/dia.2012.0018.

Cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents with diabetes: where are we, and where are we going?

Uyen T Truong  1 , David M Maahs, Stephen R Daniels
Affiliations
Review

Cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents with diabetes: where are we, and where are we going?

Uyen T Truong et al. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2012 Jun.

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with advancement in early detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has placed CVD as a significant concern for preventative pediatric medicine. The public health burden of type 2 diabetes is predicted to parallel increasing obesity in children with a projected increase of early CVD in adulthood. In this article, we review practice guidelines for cardiovascular health in children and adolescents with diabetes and data on which they are based. We then focus on imaging modalities that are promising tools to expand our understanding of the cardiovascular risk imposed on youths with diabetes.

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Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
Pulse-wave velocity of the carotid and femoral arteries assessing arterial stiffness. This technique measures the speed of pressure propagation through a vessel. The speed is dependent on shape and elastic properties of the vessel.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.
Coronary tomography in a patient with positive evidence of calcification in the coronary arteries (identified by the arrows).
FIG. 3.
FIG. 3.
Mitral inflow spectral Doppler in an obese adolescent female. The E-wave represents the early diastolic passive flow into the ventricle, and the A-wave represents atrial contraction. The E:A wave ratio is above 1.0 in patients with normal diastolic function.
FIG. 4.
FIG. 4.
Global and regional strain as determined by speckle tracking through a short axis view of the left ventricle at the level of the papillary muscle in an obese 15-year-old female.
FIG. 5.
FIG. 5.
Tissue Doppler of the mitral lateral wall to determine the E’:a’ ratio, which reflects diastolic function. HR, heart rate.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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