[Plant-specific type III polyketide synthases superfamily: crystal structures and functions]

Abstract

Plant type III polyketide synthase (PKS) generates backbones of a variety of plant secondary metabolites with diverse functions, and has long been models to elucidate the relationship between the three-dimensional structure and function. More than 80 type IIII PKS crystal structures with different functions have been reported in Protein Data Bank, including the crystal structures of the well-studied Chalcone Synthase of plant type III PKS, as well as the 6 other kinds of PKSs in the family, which are critical for understanding the structural basis for diverse starter molecule selectivity, polyketide chain length and the cyclization reaction. Structure-based analysis and site-directed mutagenesis are foundation for the investigation of enzyme engineering, genetic and metabolic engineering. This review summarized 7 plant-specific type III PKS in the aspects of their crystal structures and functions.