The biophysics and biomechanics of cryoballoon ablation

Abstract

Recent clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that cryothermal ablation using a balloon catheter (Artic Front®, Medtronic CryoCath LP, Pointe-Claire, Canada) provides an effective means of achieving pulmonary vein isolation. This review explores the biophysics and biomechanics of cryoballoon ablation. Components of the cryoballoon catheter system are examined, mechanisms of cryothermal injury are summarized, and potential advantages of cryoballoon technology over standard radiofrequency ablation in isolating pulmonary veins are discussed. Practical aspects of biophysics and biomechanics relevant to the clinical electrophysiologist are emphasized, particularly with regards to the selection of the most appropriate cryoballoon catheter and minimizing peri-procedural complications.