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. 2012 Jul;23(7):1185-91.
doi: 10.1007/s10552-012-9988-8. Epub 2012 May 22.

Socioeconomic status, healthcare density, and risk of prostate cancer among African American and Caucasian men in a large prospective study

Jacqueline M Major  1 , M Norman Oliver, Chyke A Doubeni, Albert R Hollenbeck, Barry I Graubard, Rashmi Sinha
Affiliations

Socioeconomic status, healthcare density, and risk of prostate cancer among African American and Caucasian men in a large prospective study

Jacqueline M Major et al. Cancer Causes Control. 2012 Jul.

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to separately examine the impact of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and availability of healthcare resources on prostate cancer risk among African American and Caucasian men.

Methods: In the large, prospective NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, we analyzed baseline (1995-1996) data from adult men, aged 50-71 years. Incident prostate cancer cases (n = 22,523; 1,089 among African Americans) were identified through December 2006. Lifestyle and health risk information was ascertained by questionnaires administered at baseline. Area-level socioeconomic indicators were ascertained by linkage to the US Census and the Area Resource File. Multilevel Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: A differential effect among African Americans and Caucasians was observed for neighborhood deprivation (p-interaction = 0.04), percent uninsured (p-interaction = 0.02), and urologist density (p-interaction = 0.01). Compared to men living in counties with the highest density of urologists, those with fewer had a substantially increased risk of developing advanced prostate cancer (HR = 2.68, 95 % CI = 1.31, 5.47) among African American.

Conclusions: Certain socioeconomic indicators were associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer among African American men compared to Caucasians. Minimizing differences in healthcare availability may be a potentially important pathway to minimizing disparities in prostate cancer risk.

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