Morbillivirus infections of seals during the 1988 epidemic in the Bay of Heligoland: III. Transmission studies of cell culture-propagated phocine distemper virus in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and a grey seal (Halichoerus grypus): clinical, virological and serological results

Abstract

Eight harbour seals (Phoca vitulina), two of them seronegative, six seropositive against PDV and a seronegative grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) were exposed to a low doses of a cell culture-propagated phocine distemper virus isolate (PDV 2558/Han 88). An intranasal route of inoculation was chosen. Clinical signs, resembling those of 1988's seal disease and seroconversion were observed in both seronegative harbour seals. One of them succumbed to the infection. The virus was not transmitted to another susceptible harbour seal which served as in-contact animal. Virus could be recovered from leucocytes of the diseased seals. Viremia was also present in a seropositive harbour seal that developed mild clinical signs; other seropositive seals were protected from clinical disease. The grey seal showed seroconversion upon inoculation, but did not develop any signs of disease. The humoral immune response of the seals plainly discriminated between homologous (PDV) and heterologous (canine distemper virus, CDV) virus as shown by virus neutralization tests and an antibody-binding assay (PLA).