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. 2012 Jun 11:13:97.
doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-97.

Peri-implant and systemic effects of high-/low-affinity bisphosphonate-hydroxyapatite composite coatings in a rabbit model with peri-implant high bone turnover

Shun Niu  1 , Xiaorui Cao, Yan Zhang, Qingsheng Zhu, Jinyu Zhu, Ping Zhen
Affiliations

Peri-implant and systemic effects of high-/low-affinity bisphosphonate-hydroxyapatite composite coatings in a rabbit model with peri-implant high bone turnover

Shun Niu et al. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. .

Abstract

Background: Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings composed with bisphosphonates (BPs) which have high mineral-binding affinities have been confirmed to successfully enhance implant stability. However, few previous studies focused on HA coatings composed with low-affinity BPs or on systemic effects of locally released BPs.

Methods: In this long-term study, we developed two kinds of BP-HA composite coatings using either high-affinity BP (alendronate, ALN) or low-affinity BP (risedronate, RIS). Thirty-six rabbits were divided into three groups according to different coating applications (group I: HA, group II: ALN-HA, and group III: RIS-HA). Implants were inserted into the proximal region of the medullary cavity of the left tibiay. At insertion, 2 × 10(8) wear particles were injected around implants to induce a peri-implant high bone turnover environment. Both local (left tibias) and systemic (right tibias and lumbar vertebrae) inhibitory effect on bone resorption were compared, including bone-implant integration, bone architecture, bone mineral density (BMD), implant stability, and serum levels of bone turnover markers.

Results: The results indicated that ALN-HA composite coating, which could induce higher bone-implant contact (BIC) ratio, bone mass augmentation, BMD, and implant stability in the peri-implant region, was more potent on peri-implant bone, while RIS-HA composite coating, which had significant systemic effect, was more potent on non-peri-implant bone, especially lumbar vertebrae.

Conclusions: It is instructive and meaningful to further clinical studies that we could choose different BP-HA composite coatings according to the patient's condition.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A radiograph of bilateral tibias (group I) retrieved at week 12 postoperatively. Levels (A and B) of the consecutive cross-section specimens.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Bone-implant contact curves. a: significant vs. group I, b: significant vs. group II. Data were expressed as means ± SDs. BIC: bone-implant contact.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Histomorphometric parameters and bone mineral density. a: significant vs. group I, b: significant vs. group II, c: within-group significant vs. week 12. Data were expressed as means ± SDs. BFR/BV: bone formation rate, MAR: mineral apposition rate, BV/TV: bone volume fraction, Tb.Th: trabecular thickness, Tb.Sp: trabecular separation, SMI: structure model index.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Bone architecture of L3 vertebrae reconstructed by micro-CT at weeks 12 and 24 postoperatively. RIS could induce higher lumbar vertebral bone mass augmentation compared to ALN.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Push-out test. a: significant vs. group I, b: significant vs. group II. Data were expressed as means ± SDs. MF: maximum force, ASS: apparent shear stiffness, TEA: total energy absorption.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The level of bone turnover makers measured by ELISA. a: significant vs. group I, b: significant vs. group II. Data were expressed as means ± SDs.
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