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Review
. 2012 Sep;160(1):2-14.
doi: 10.1104/pp.112.200667. Epub 2012 Jun 12.

The expanding universe of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers

Richard D Vierstra  1
Affiliations
Review

The expanding universe of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers

Richard D Vierstra. Plant Physiol. 2012 Sep.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Three-dimensional ribbon diagrams of the Ub/UBL β-grasp folds from eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Shown are the processed forms with the exposed C-terminal amino acid indicated. The exceptions are HHR23A and At2g32350, which are synthesized as domain fusions. At top left is a schematic of the Ub/UBL β-grasp showing the arrangement of the α-helix and β-strand secondary structures. The Protein Database accession numbers and references for the structures are as follows: yeast ATG8, 2KWC (Kumeta et al., 2010); Arabidopsis ATG12, 1WZ3 (Suzuki et al., 2005); yeast HUB1, 1M94 (Ramelot et al., 2003); Arabidopsis MUB1, 1SE9 (Downes et al., 2006); Arabidopsis RUB1, 1BT0 (Rao-Naik et al., 1998); H. volcanii Samp1, 3PO0 (Jeong et al., 2011); human SUMO1, 1AR5 (Bayer et al., 1998); E. coli ThiS, 1F0Z (Wang et al., 2001); Avena sativa Ub, 1UBQ (Vijay-Kumar et al., 1987); UBL domain from human HHR23A, 1P98 (Mueller and Feigon, 2003); human UFM1, 1WXS (Sasakawa et al., 2006); yeast URM1, 2AX5 (Xu et al., 2006); and the UBL domain from Arabidopsis At2g32350, 2KAN.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Schematic diagrams of the enzymology, targets, and function(s) of individual Ub/UBL pathways and known interactions among them (dashed lines). Where available, the protein names for the various components are indicated with the Arabidopsis nomenclature used if known. Question marks indicate components that might exist but have not been identified.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Evolution of the eukaryotic Ub/UBL modification pathways from prokaryotic reaction schemes. A, The reaction mechanisms for E. coli ThiS involved in sulfur transfer chemistry, yeast UFM1 involved in tRNA thiolation and protein modification, and Ub involved in protein modification. B, Schematics for the prokaryotic conjugation pathways involving H. volcanii Samp1/2 and M. tuberculosis Pup. A was adapted from Petroski et al. (2011).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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