Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2012 Jun;2(3):294-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2012.02.001. Epub 2012 Mar 3.

Pathogenesis of acute respiratory illness caused by human parainfluenza viruses

Henrick Schomacker  1 , Anne Schaap-Nutt, Peter L Collins, Alexander C Schmidt
Affiliations
Review

Pathogenesis of acute respiratory illness caused by human parainfluenza viruses

Henrick Schomacker et al. Curr Opin Virol. 2012 Jun.

Abstract

Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are a common cause of acute respiratory illness throughout life. Infants, children, and the immunocompromised are the most likely to develop severe disease. HPIV1 and HPIV2 are best known to cause croup while HPIV3 is a common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia. HPIVs replicate productively in respiratory epithelial cells and do not spread systemically unless the host is severely immunocompromised. Molecular studies have delineated how HPIVs evade and block cellular innate immune responses to permit efficient replication, local spread, and host-to-host transmission. Studies using ex vivo human airway epithelium have focused on virus tropism, cellular pathology and the epithelial inflammatory response, elucidating how events early in infection shape the adaptive immune response and disease outcome.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Cooney MK, Fox JP, Hall CE. The Seattle Virus Watch. VI. Observations of infections with and illness due to parainfluenza, mumps and respiratory syncytial viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Am J Epidemiol. 1975;101:532–551. This article and related publications cover the results of the Seattle Virus Watch, which enrolled families between 1969 to 1974 and monitored infections caused by different viruses during childhood. - PubMed
    1. Welliver RC, Wong DT, Sun M, McCarthy N. Parainfluenza virus bronchiolitis. Epidemiology and pathogenesis. Am J Dis Child. 1986;140:34–40. - PubMed
    1. Reed G, Jewett PH, Thompson J, Tollefson S, Wright PF. Epidemiology and clinical impact of parainfluenza virus infections in otherwise healthy infants and young children < 5 years old. J Infect Dis. 1997;175:807–813. - PubMed
    1. Counihan ME, Shay DK, Holman RC, Lowther SA, Anderson LJ. Human parainfluenza virus-associated hospitalizations among children less than five years of age in the United States. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001;20:646–653. - PubMed
    1. Weinberg GA, Hall CB, Iwane MK, Poehling KA, Edwards KM, Griffin MR, Staat MA, Curns AT, Erdman DD, Szilagyi PG. Parainfluenza virus infection of young children: estimates of the population-based burden of hospitalization. J Pediatr. 2009;154:694–699. Between 2000 and 2004, the New Vaccine Surveillance Network enrolled 2798 children under 5 with febrile or acute respiratory illness and reported that 6.9% of the infections leading to hospitalization are caused by human parainfluenza viruses. - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms