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. 2012 Nov;69(11):1099-1103.
doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.730.

Family history of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as risk factors for autism

Patrick F Sullivan  1 , Cecilia Magnusson, Abraham Reichenberg, Marcus Boman, Christina Dalman, Michael Davidson, Eyal Fruchter, Christina M Hultman, Michael Lundberg, Niklas Långström, Mark Weiser, Anna C Svensson, Paul Lichtenstein
Affiliations

Family history of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as risk factors for autism

Patrick F Sullivan et al. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012 Nov.

Abstract

Context: The clinical and etiologic relation between autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and schizophrenia is unclear. The degree to which these disorders share a basis in etiology has important implications for clinicians, researchers, and those affected by the disorders.

Objective: To determine whether a family history of schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder is a risk factor for ASD.

Design, setting, and participants: We conducted a case-control evaluation of histories of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder in first-degree relatives of probands in 3 samples—population registers in Sweden, Stockholm County (in Sweden), and Israel. Probands met criteria for ASD, and affection status of parents and siblings for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were established.

Results: The presence of schizophrenia in parents was associated with an increased risk for ASD in a Swedish national cohort (odds ratio [OR], 2.9; 95% CI, 2.5-3.4) and a Stockholm County cohort (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.0-4.1). Similarly, schizophrenia in a sibling was associated with an increased risk for ASD in a Swedish national cohort (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.0-3.2) and an Israeli conscription cohort (OR, 12.1; 95% CI, 4.5-32.0). Bipolar disorder showed a similar pattern of associations but of lesser magnitude.

Conclusions: Findings from these 3 registers along with consistent findings from a similar study in Denmark suggest that ASD, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder share common etiologic factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest

The authors report no conflicts.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Effect sizes
Forest plot of effects of exposure of schizophrenia in first-degree relatives on ASD outcome in probands. The three samples reported here are shown along with a similarly conducted study from Denmark .
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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