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. 2012 May;9(5):1663-76.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph9051663. Epub 2012 May 4.

Differential effects of high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet composition on metabolic control and insulin resistance in normal rats

Jorge L Ble-Castillo  1 , María A Aparicio-Trapala, Isela E Juárez-Rojop, Jorge E Torres-Lopez, Jose D Mendez, Hidemi Aguilar-Mariscal, Viridiana Olvera-Hernández, Leydi C Palma-Cordova, Juan C Diaz-Zagoya
Affiliations

Differential effects of high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet composition on metabolic control and insulin resistance in normal rats

Jorge L Ble-Castillo et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012 May.

Abstract

The macronutrient component of diets is critical for metabolic control and insulin action. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of high fat diets (HFDs) vs. high carbohydrate diets (HCDs) on metabolic control and insulin resistance in Wistar rats. Thirty animals divided into five groups (n = 6) were fed: (1) Control diet (CD); (2) High-saturated fat diet (HSFD); (3) High-unsaturated fat diet (HUFD); (4) High-digestible starch diet, (HDSD); and (5) High-resistant starch diet (HRSD) during eight weeks. HFDs and HCDs reduced weight gain in comparison with CD, however no statistical significance was reached. Calorie intake was similar in both HFDs and CD, but rats receiving HCDs showed higher calorie consumption than other groups, (p < 0.01). HRSD showed the lowest levels of serum and hepatic lipids. The HUFD induced the lowest fasting glycemia levels and HOMA-IR values. The HDSD group exhibited the highest insulin resistance and hepatic cholesterol content. In conclusion, HUFD exhibited the most beneficial effects on glycemic control meanwhile HRSD induced the highest reduction on lipid content and did not modify insulin sensitivity. In both groups, HFDs and HCDs, the diet constituents were more important factors than caloric intake for metabolic disturbance and insulin resistance.

Keywords: high-carbohydrate diet; high-fat diet; insulin resistance; metabolic control; resistant starch.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Temporary course of body weight gain during 8-week treatment in the experimental groups. Control diet (CD), high-saturated fat diet (HSFD), high-unsaturated fat diet (HUFD), high-digestible starch diet (HDSD), high-resistant starch diet (HRSD). No significant differences between body weight AUCs were observed between groups. ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Glucose tolerance test results two days before sacrificing of the animals. Control diet (CD), high-saturated fat diet (HSFD), high-unsaturated fat diet (HUFD), high-digestible starch diet (HDSD), high-resistant starch diet (HRSD). AUC HUFD vs. AUC other groups, p < 0.001. ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test.
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