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. 2012 Jun 28:3:123.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00123. eCollection 2012.

Initiation and persistence with warfarin therapy in atrial fibrillation according to ethnicity

Carolina Malta Hansen  1 , Jonas Bjerring Olesen, Morten Lock Hansen, Aziza Azimi, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Helena Dominguez
Affiliations

Initiation and persistence with warfarin therapy in atrial fibrillation according to ethnicity

Carolina Malta Hansen et al. Front Pharmacol. .

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate initiation of and persistence with warfarin treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) according to ethnicity. Patients hospitalized with first-time AF from 1997 to 2009, prescription claims of warfarin and country of birth were identified by individual-level linkage of nationwide administrative agencies. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the relationship between covariates affecting initiation and non-persistence with warfarin treatment. A total of 151,537 patients were included in the study and 5,061(3.3%) were of non-Danish origin. CHADS2 score distribution varied substantially according to ethnicity, the proportion of patients with CHADS2 score ≥1 being 79.2, 78.1, 65.9, and 46.0% for patients of Danish, Western, Eastern, and African origin, respectively. 79,239(52.4%) of all patients initiated treatment with warfarin at some point in time. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses indicated patients of Eastern and African origin were less likely to initiate warfarin therapy (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.69-0.82 and HR 0.58; 95% CI 0.44-0.76, respectively). Patients of Eastern origin were more likely to interrupt treatment (HR 1.23; 95% CI 1.02-1.47; for all patients; HR 1.62; 95% CI 1.22-2.16; for patients with CHADS2 score >1). African origin was associated with a trend to interrupt treatment (HR 1.44; 95% CI 0.46-4.47; for patients with CHADS2 score >1). Initiation of and persistence with warfarin in AF patients is lower among patients of Eastern and African origin compared to patients of Danish and Western origin, despite equal access to health care and medication. Future studies should address, beyond ethnicity, all possible driving factors of (non)initiation and persistence with treatment in general. This will be particularly interesting in light of the new generation of anticoagulants, which might render different adherence to treatment.

Keywords: VKA treatment; adherence; atrial fibrillation; ethnicity; warfarin.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
CHADS2 scores distribution for all patients and divided into four ethnic groups: Danish origin, Eastern origin, Western origin, African origin.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Patients who were admitted with first-time atrial fibrillation, alive 7 days after discharge and have claimed a prescription of warfarin. Kaplan–Meier plots over time from first-admission with atrial fibrillation until first warfarin claim, stratified by ethnic origin. Curves end when all patients have been censored.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Persistence with warfarin treatment stratified by ethnicity, in patients who were admitted with first-time atrial fibrillation in the period 1997–2009. Each point represents the number of patients with available medication divided by the number of patients alive at that time.
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