Very low-activity stress/high-activity rest, single-day myocardial perfusion SPECT with a conventional sodium iodide camera and wide beam reconstruction processing

Abstract

Background: A stress (S)/rest (R) 1-day Tc-99m sestamibi protocol is logistically advantageous and facilitates stress-only imaging. However, with conventional 370 MBq (10 mCi) S activity and subsequent 1,110-1,295 MBq (30-35 mCi) R activity there is a risk of S-to-R "shine-through" and underestimation of defect reversibility. New software methods cope with lower counting statistics and should allow for both a reduced S activity and also less likelihood of S-to-R "shine-through."

Methods: 102 prospective patients [49 men, 53 women; mean weight 178 ± 41 lbs (range 98-265 lbs); chest 41.5″ ± 4.0″ (range 32″-52″)] received 192.4 + 18.5 MBq (5.2 ± 0.5 mCi) Tc-99m sestamibi S (25 exercise, 77 regadenoson) activity followed in 30-40 minutes by "full-time" (12 minutes) two-headed NaI camera S SPECT. Immediately thereafter, a 16-minute S SPECT acquisition was also performed in 37/102 patients. Then at 60-80 minute post-S all patients received 1328.3 + 129.5 MBq (35.9 ± 3.5 mCi) Tc-99m sestamibi, and "half-time" (7.5 minutes) R SPECT was acquired. All tomograms were processed with wide beam reconstruction (WBR, UltraSPECT Ltd.) software. A time-adjusted R/S myocardial count density ratio (MCDR) was calculated using automated software. S SPECT quality was visually graded (poor, fair, good, excellent) based upon myocardial definition, cavity contrast, RV visualization, and noise. For comparison, the S/R MCDR was calculated in 581 consecutive patients undergoing a conventional 370 MBq R/1110 MBq S (10 mCi R/30 mCi S) protocol.

Results: S SPECT was normal in 44 patients (43%). Image quality was good-excellent in 93 (91%) patients with 12-minute S SPECT. Also in 37 (98%) patients with 16-minute S SPECT, quality was good-excellent. In patients with >42″ chests 12-minute S SPECT quality worsened with increasing chest circumference, manifested by myocardial "blurring." Image quality improved by ≥1 grade in the 12/37 patients (32%) also undergoing 16-minute S SPECT. The time- and decay-corrected 12-minute mean R/S MCDR was 5.78, a ratio adequate to minimize S-to-R shine-through, as verified in phantom experiments, and significantly better than a 3.79 S/R ratio achieved in the 581 patients undergoing a conventional R/S protocol.

Conclusions: An approximately 185 MBq (5 mCi S) Tc-99m SPECT processed with WBR provides adequate image quality. For larger patients prolonging image acquisition to 16 minutes is beneficial. For patients with normal S SPECT, a S-only protocol is feasible, affording them a very low (approximately 1.4 mSv) radiation dose. If subsequent R SPECT is necessary, it can be performed with approximately 1,332 MBq (36 mCi) with minimal S-R "shine-through."