Induction of systemic resistance of benzothiadiazole and humic Acid in soybean plants against fusarium wilt disease

Abstract

The ability of benzothiadiazole (BTH) and/or humic acid (HA) used as seed soaking to induce systemic resistance against a pathogenic strain of Fusarium oxysporum was examined in four soybean cultivars under greenhouse conditions. Alone and in combination the inducers were able to protect soybean plants against damping-off and wilt diseases compared with check treatment. These results were confirmed under field conditions in two different locations (Minia and New Valley governorates). The tested treatments significantly reduced damping-off and wilt diseases and increased growth parameters, except the number of branches per plant and also increased seed yield. Application of BTH (0.25 g/L) + HA (4 g/L) was the most potent in this respect. Soybean seed soaking in BTH + HA produced the highest activities of the testes of oxidative enzymes followed by BTH in the four soybean cultivars. HA treatment resulted in the lowest increases of these oxidative enzymes. Similar results were obtained with total phenol but HA increased total phenol more than did BTH in all tested cultivars.

Keywords: Benzothiadiazole; Humic acid; Soybean; Systemic induced resistance; Wilt disease.

Fig. 1

Activity of peroxidase enzyme (enzyme unit/mg protein/min) of four soybean cultivars as affected by benzothiadiazole (0.5 g a.i./L), humic acid (4 g a.i./L), or in combination (0.25 + 4 g a.i./L). Mean ± SDs for nine plants per treatment are shown.

Fig. 2

Activity of peroxidase enzyme (enzyme unit/mg protein/min) of four soybean cultivars as affected by benzothiadiazole (0.5 g a.i./L), humic acid (4 g a.i./L), or in combination (0.25 + 4 g a.i./L). Mean ± SDs for nine plants per treatment are shown.

Fig. 3

Activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) enzyme (enzyme unit/mg protein/min) of four soybean cultivars as affected by benzothiadiazole (0.5 g a.i./L), humic acid (4 g a.i./L), or their combination (0.25 + 4 g a.i./L). Mean ± SDs for nine plants per treatment are shown.

Fig. 4

Total phenolic compounds content of four soybean cultivars as affected by benzothiadiazole (0.5 g a.i./L), humic acid (4 g a.i./L), or their combination (0.25 + 4 g a.i./L). Mean ± SDs for nine plants per treatment are shown.