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Meta-Analysis
. 2012 Jul 11;2012(7):CD006534.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006534.pub2.

Citalopram versus other anti-depressive agents for depression

Andrea Cipriani  1 , Marianna Purgato, Toshi A Furukawa, Carlotta Trespidi, Giuseppe Imperadore, Alessandra Signoretti, Rachel Churchill, Norio Watanabe, Corrado Barbui
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Citalopram versus other anti-depressive agents for depression

Andrea Cipriani et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Recent US and UK clinical practice guidelines recommend that second-generation antidepressants should be considered amongst the best first-line options when drug therapy is indicated for a depressive episode. Systematic reviews have already highlighted some differences in efficacy between second-generation antidepressants. Citalopram, one of the first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) introduced in the market, is one of these antidepressant drugs that clinicians use for routine depression care.

Objectives: To assess the evidence for the efficacy, acceptability and tolerability of citalopram in comparison with tricyclics, heterocyclics, other SSRIs and other conventional and non-conventional antidepressants in the acute-phase treatment of major depression.

Search methods: We searched The Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Controlled Trials Register and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to February 2012. No language restriction was applied. We contacted pharmaceutical companies and experts in this field for supplemental data.

Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials allocating patients with major depression to citalopram versus any other antidepressants.

Data collection and analysis: Two reviewers independently extracted data. Information extracted included study characteristics, participant characteristics, intervention details and outcome measures in terms of efficacy (the number of patients who responded or remitted), patient acceptability (the number of patients who failed to complete the study) and tolerability (side-effects).

Main results: Thirty-seven trials compared citalopram with other antidepressants (such as tricyclics, heterocyclics, SSRIs and other antidepressants, either conventional ones, such as mirtazapine, venlafaxine and reboxetine, or non-conventional, like hypericum). Citalopram was shown to be significantly less effective than escitalopram in achieving acute response (odds ratio (OR) 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08 to 2.02), but more effective than paroxetine (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.96) and reboxetine (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.91). Significantly fewer patients allocated to citalopram withdrew from trials due to adverse events compared with patients allocated to tricyclics (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.78) and fewer patients allocated to citalopram reported at least one side effect than reboxetine or venlafaxine (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.97 and OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.88, respectively).

Authors' conclusions: Some statistically significant differences between citalopram and other antidepressants for the acute phase treatment of major depression were found in terms of efficacy, tolerability and acceptability. Citalopram was more efficacious than paroxetine and reboxetine and more acceptable than tricyclics, reboxetine and venlafaxine, however, it seemed to be less efficacious than escitalopram. As with most systematic reviews in psychopharmacology, the potential for overestimation of treatment effect due to sponsorship bias and publication bias should be borne in mind when interpreting review findings. Economic analyses were not reported in the included studies, however, cost effectiveness information is needed in the field of antidepressant trials.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

AC, MP, CB, CT, AS, RC, SD: none declared TAF has received research funds and speaking fees from Asahi Kasei, Astellas, Dai‐Nippon, Eisai, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Kyowa Hakko, Meiji, Organon, Pfizer, Tsumura, Yoshitomi and Zelia. The Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology and the Japanese Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare have also funded his research. GI has received speaking fees from Abbott, Angelini, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol‐Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Wyeth. NW has received speaking fees from GlaxoSmithKline, but his speech did not deal with pharmacological agents but with methodology of evidence‐based medicine.

Figures

1
1
Methodological quality graph: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item presented as percentages across all included studies.
2
2
Methodological quality summary: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item for each included study.
3
3
Forest plot of comparison: 11 Failure to complete (side effects), outcome: 11.1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
4
4
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Failure to respond at endpoint (6‐12 weeks), outcome: 1.3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
5
5
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Failure to respond at endpoint (6‐12 weeks), outcome: 1.4 Citalopram versus SNRI.
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 Failure to respond at endpoint (6‐12 weeks), Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1 Failure to respond at endpoint (6‐12 weeks), Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1 Failure to respond at endpoint (6‐12 weeks), Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1 Failure to respond at endpoint (6‐12 weeks), Outcome 4 Citalopram versus SNRI.
1.5
1.5. Analysis
Comparison 1 Failure to respond at endpoint (6‐12 weeks), Outcome 5 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
1.6
1.6. Analysis
Comparison 1 Failure to respond at endpoint (6‐12 weeks), Outcome 6 Citalopram versus non‐conventional ADs.
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2 Failure to respond (1‐4 weeks), Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2 Failure to respond (1‐4 weeks), Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
2.3
2.3. Analysis
Comparison 2 Failure to respond (1‐4 weeks), Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other conventional antidepressants.
3.1
3.1. Analysis
Comparison 3 Failure to respond (16‐24 weeks), Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
3.2
3.2. Analysis
Comparison 3 Failure to respond (16‐24 weeks), Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
3.3
3.3. Analysis
Comparison 3 Failure to respond (16‐24 weeks), Outcome 3 Citalopram versus SNRIs.
3.4
3.4. Analysis
Comparison 3 Failure to respond (16‐24 weeks), Outcome 4 Citalopram versus other conventional antidepressants.
4.1
4.1. Analysis
Comparison 4 Failure to remission (1‐4 weeks), Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
4.2
4.2. Analysis
Comparison 4 Failure to remission (1‐4 weeks), Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
4.3
4.3. Analysis
Comparison 4 Failure to remission (1‐4 weeks), Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
5.1
5.1. Analysis
Comparison 5 Failure to remission (6‐12 weeks), Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
5.2
5.2. Analysis
Comparison 5 Failure to remission (6‐12 weeks), Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
5.3
5.3. Analysis
Comparison 5 Failure to remission (6‐12 weeks), Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
5.4
5.4. Analysis
Comparison 5 Failure to remission (6‐12 weeks), Outcome 4 Citalopram versus SNRIs.
5.5
5.5. Analysis
Comparison 5 Failure to remission (6‐12 weeks), Outcome 5 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
6.1
6.1. Analysis
Comparison 6 Failure to remission (16‐24 weeks), Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
6.2
6.2. Analysis
Comparison 6 Failure to remission (16‐24 weeks), Outcome 2 Citalopram versus SNRIs.
6.3
6.3. Analysis
Comparison 6 Failure to remission (16‐24 weeks), Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
7.1
7.1. Analysis
Comparison 7 Standardised mean difference (1‐4 weeks), Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
7.2
7.2. Analysis
Comparison 7 Standardised mean difference (1‐4 weeks), Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
7.3
7.3. Analysis
Comparison 7 Standardised mean difference (1‐4 weeks), Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
7.4
7.4. Analysis
Comparison 7 Standardised mean difference (1‐4 weeks), Outcome 4 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
8.1
8.1. Analysis
Comparison 8 Standardised mean difference at endpoint (6‐12 weeks), Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
8.2
8.2. Analysis
Comparison 8 Standardised mean difference at endpoint (6‐12 weeks), Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
8.3
8.3. Analysis
Comparison 8 Standardised mean difference at endpoint (6‐12 weeks), Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
8.4
8.4. Analysis
Comparison 8 Standardised mean difference at endpoint (6‐12 weeks), Outcome 4 Citalopram versus SNRIs.
8.5
8.5. Analysis
Comparison 8 Standardised mean difference at endpoint (6‐12 weeks), Outcome 5 Citalopram versus MAOIs or newer ADs.
8.6
8.6. Analysis
Comparison 8 Standardised mean difference at endpoint (6‐12 weeks), Outcome 6 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
9.1
9.1. Analysis
Comparison 9 Standardised mean difference (16‐24 weeks), Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
9.2
9.2. Analysis
Comparison 9 Standardised mean difference (16‐24 weeks), Outcome 2 Citalopram versus SNRIs.
9.3
9.3. Analysis
Comparison 9 Standardised mean difference (16‐24 weeks), Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
10.1
10.1. Analysis
Comparison 10 Failure to complete (any cause), Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
10.2
10.2. Analysis
Comparison 10 Failure to complete (any cause), Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
10.3
10.3. Analysis
Comparison 10 Failure to complete (any cause), Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
10.4
10.4. Analysis
Comparison 10 Failure to complete (any cause), Outcome 4 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
10.5
10.5. Analysis
Comparison 10 Failure to complete (any cause), Outcome 5 Citalopram versus non‐conventional ADs.
11.1
11.1. Analysis
Comparison 11 Failure to complete (side effects), Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
11.2
11.2. Analysis
Comparison 11 Failure to complete (side effects), Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
11.3
11.3. Analysis
Comparison 11 Failure to complete (side effects), Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
11.4
11.4. Analysis
Comparison 11 Failure to complete (side effects), Outcome 4 Citalopram versus SNRIs.
11.5
11.5. Analysis
Comparison 11 Failure to complete (side effects), Outcome 5 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
12.1
12.1. Analysis
Comparison 12 Failure to complete (inefficacy), Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
12.2
12.2. Analysis
Comparison 12 Failure to complete (inefficacy), Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
12.3
12.3. Analysis
Comparison 12 Failure to complete (inefficacy), Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
12.4
12.4. Analysis
Comparison 12 Failure to complete (inefficacy), Outcome 4 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
13.1
13.1. Analysis
Comparison 13 SE ‐ Subjects with at least one TEAEs, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
13.2
13.2. Analysis
Comparison 13 SE ‐ Subjects with at least one TEAEs, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
13.3
13.3. Analysis
Comparison 13 SE ‐ Subjects with at least one TEAEs, Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
13.4
13.4. Analysis
Comparison 13 SE ‐ Subjects with at least one TEAEs, Outcome 4 Citalopram versus SNRIs.
13.5
13.5. Analysis
Comparison 13 SE ‐ Subjects with at least one TEAEs, Outcome 5 Citalopram versus MAOIs or newer ADs.
13.6
13.6. Analysis
Comparison 13 SE ‐ Subjects with at least one TEAEs, Outcome 6 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
13.7
13.7. Analysis
Comparison 13 SE ‐ Subjects with at least one TEAEs, Outcome 7 Citalopram versus non‐conventional ADs.
14.1
14.1. Analysis
Comparison 14 SE ‐ Abdominal pain, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
15.1
15.1. Analysis
Comparison 15 SE ‐ Accidental injury, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
16.1
16.1. Analysis
Comparison 16 SE ‐ Aggressive behaviour, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
17.1
17.1. Analysis
Comparison 17 SE ‐ Anorexia, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
18.1
18.1. Analysis
Comparison 18 SE ‐ Anxiety/agitation, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
18.2
18.2. Analysis
Comparison 18 SE ‐ Anxiety/agitation, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
18.3
18.3. Analysis
Comparison 18 SE ‐ Anxiety/agitation, Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
19.1
19.1. Analysis
Comparison 19 SE ‐ Appetite increased, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
19.2
19.2. Analysis
Comparison 19 SE ‐ Appetite increased, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
20.1
20.1. Analysis
Comparison 20 SE ‐ Asthenia, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
20.2
20.2. Analysis
Comparison 20 SE ‐ Asthenia, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
21.1
21.1. Analysis
Comparison 21 SE ‐ Back pain, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
21.2
21.2. Analysis
Comparison 21 SE ‐ Back pain, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
22.1
22.1. Analysis
Comparison 22 SE ‐ Brest surgery, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
23.1
23.1. Analysis
Comparison 23 SE ‐ Bronchitis, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
24.1
24.1. Analysis
Comparison 24 SE ‐ Chest pain, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
25.1
25.1. Analysis
Comparison 25 SE ‐ Chicken pox, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
26.1
26.1. Analysis
Comparison 26 SE ‐ Common cold, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus SNRIs.
27.1
27.1. Analysis
Comparison 27 SE ‐ Concentration decrease, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
27.2
27.2. Analysis
Comparison 27 SE ‐ Concentration decrease, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
27.3
27.3. Analysis
Comparison 27 SE ‐ Concentration decrease, Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
28.1
28.1. Analysis
Comparison 28 SE ‐ Confusion, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
28.2
28.2. Analysis
Comparison 28 SE ‐ Confusion, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
29.1
29.1. Analysis
Comparison 29 SE ‐ Conjunctivitis, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
30.1
30.1. Analysis
Comparison 30 SE ‐ Constipation, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
30.2
30.2. Analysis
Comparison 30 SE ‐ Constipation, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
30.3
30.3. Analysis
Comparison 30 SE ‐ Constipation, Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
30.4
30.4. Analysis
Comparison 30 SE ‐ Constipation, Outcome 4 Citalopram versus SNRIs.
30.5
30.5. Analysis
Comparison 30 SE ‐ Constipation, Outcome 5 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
31.1
31.1. Analysis
Comparison 31 SE ‐ Craving for sweets, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
32.1
32.1. Analysis
Comparison 32 SE ‐ Decreased weight, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
32.2
32.2. Analysis
Comparison 32 SE ‐ Decreased weight, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
33.1
33.1. Analysis
Comparison 33 SE ‐ Dermatological problems, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
33.2
33.2. Analysis
Comparison 33 SE ‐ Dermatological problems, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
33.3
33.3. Analysis
Comparison 33 SE ‐ Dermatological problems, Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
33.4
33.4. Analysis
Comparison 33 SE ‐ Dermatological problems, Outcome 4 Citalopram versus non‐conventional ADs.
34.1
34.1. Analysis
Comparison 34 SE ‐ Diarrhoea, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
34.2
34.2. Analysis
Comparison 34 SE ‐ Diarrhoea, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
34.3
34.3. Analysis
Comparison 34 SE ‐ Diarrhoea, Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
34.4
34.4. Analysis
Comparison 34 SE ‐ Diarrhoea, Outcome 4 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
35.1
35.1. Analysis
Comparison 35 SE ‐ Dizziness, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
35.2
35.2. Analysis
Comparison 35 SE ‐ Dizziness, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
35.3
35.3. Analysis
Comparison 35 SE ‐ Dizziness, Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
35.4
35.4. Analysis
Comparison 35 SE ‐ Dizziness, Outcome 4 Citalopram versus SNRIs.
35.5
35.5. Analysis
Comparison 35 SE ‐ Dizziness, Outcome 5 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
36.1
36.1. Analysis
Comparison 36 SE ‐ Dry mouth, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
36.2
36.2. Analysis
Comparison 36 SE ‐ Dry mouth, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
36.3
36.3. Analysis
Comparison 36 SE ‐ Dry mouth, Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
36.4
36.4. Analysis
Comparison 36 SE ‐ Dry mouth, Outcome 4 Citalopram versus SNRIs.
36.5
36.5. Analysis
Comparison 36 SE ‐ Dry mouth, Outcome 5 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
37.1
37.1. Analysis
Comparison 37 SE ‐ Dyspepsia, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
37.2
37.2. Analysis
Comparison 37 SE ‐ Dyspepsia, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
38.1
38.1. Analysis
Comparison 38 SE ‐ Dyspnea, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
39.1
39.1. Analysis
Comparison 39 SE ‐ Emotional indifference, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
39.2
39.2. Analysis
Comparison 39 SE ‐ Emotional indifference, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
40.1
40.1. Analysis
Comparison 40 SE ‐ Enuresis, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
41.1
41.1. Analysis
Comparison 41 SE ‐ Exacerbation of depressive disorder, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
42.1
42.1. Analysis
Comparison 42 SE ‐ Fatigue, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
42.2
42.2. Analysis
Comparison 42 SE ‐ Fatigue, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
42.3
42.3. Analysis
Comparison 42 SE ‐ Fatigue, Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
42.4
42.4. Analysis
Comparison 42 SE ‐ Fatigue, Outcome 4 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
43.1
43.1. Analysis
Comparison 43 SE ‐ Feeling of numbness, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
44.1
44.1. Analysis
Comparison 44 SE ‐ Forgetfulness, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
45.1
45.1. Analysis
Comparison 45 SE ‐ Gastrointestinal, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
45.2
45.2. Analysis
Comparison 45 SE ‐ Gastrointestinal, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
45.3
45.3. Analysis
Comparison 45 SE ‐ Gastrointestinal, Outcome 3 Citalopram versus MAOIs or newer ADs.
45.4
45.4. Analysis
Comparison 45 SE ‐ Gastrointestinal, Outcome 4 Citalopram versus non‐conventional ADs.
46.1
46.1. Analysis
Comparison 46 SE ‐ Headache, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
46.2
46.2. Analysis
Comparison 46 SE ‐ Headache, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
46.3
46.3. Analysis
Comparison 46 SE ‐ Headache, Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
46.4
46.4. Analysis
Comparison 46 SE ‐ Headache, Outcome 4 Citalopram versus IMAOs or newer ADs.
46.5
46.5. Analysis
Comparison 46 SE ‐ Headache, Outcome 5 Citalopram versusother conventional ADs.
47.1
47.1. Analysis
Comparison 47 SE ‐ Hot flush, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
48.1
48.1. Analysis
Comparison 48 SE ‐ Hypertonia, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
49.1
49.1. Analysis
Comparison 49 SE ‐ Hypotension, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
49.2
49.2. Analysis
Comparison 49 SE ‐ Hypotension, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
50.1
50.1. Analysis
Comparison 50 SE ‐ Increased dream activity, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
51.1
51.1. Analysis
Comparison 51 SE ‐ Increased salivation, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus older ADs.
51.2
51.2. Analysis
Comparison 51 SE ‐ Increased salivation, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
51.3
51.3. Analysis
Comparison 51 SE ‐ Increased salivation, Outcome 3 Citalopram versus newer ADs.
52.1
52.1. Analysis
Comparison 52 SE ‐ Infection, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus non‐conventional ADs.
53.1
53.1. Analysis
Comparison 53 SE ‐ Influenza‐like symptoms, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
53.2
53.2. Analysis
Comparison 53 SE ‐ Influenza‐like symptoms, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
54.1
54.1. Analysis
Comparison 54 SE ‐ Insomnia, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
54.2
54.2. Analysis
Comparison 54 SE ‐ Insomnia, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
54.3
54.3. Analysis
Comparison 54 SE ‐ Insomnia, Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
54.4
54.4. Analysis
Comparison 54 SE ‐ Insomnia, Outcome 4 Citalopram versus MAOIs or newer ADs.
54.5
54.5. Analysis
Comparison 54 SE ‐ Insomnia, Outcome 5 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
55.1
55.1. Analysis
Comparison 55 SE ‐ Irritability, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
56.1
56.1. Analysis
Comparison 56 SE ‐ Loss of hair, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
57.1
57.1. Analysis
Comparison 57 SE ‐ Memory impairment, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
57.2
57.2. Analysis
Comparison 57 SE ‐ Memory impairment, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
58.1
58.1. Analysis
Comparison 58 SE ‐ Meteorism, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
59.1
59.1. Analysis
Comparison 59 SE ‐ Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus non‐conventional ADs.
60.1
60.1. Analysis
Comparison 60 SE ‐ Nasal congestion, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
61.1
61.1. Analysis
Comparison 61 SE ‐ Nausea/vomiting, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
61.2
61.2. Analysis
Comparison 61 SE ‐ Nausea/vomiting, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
61.3
61.3. Analysis
Comparison 61 SE ‐ Nausea/vomiting, Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
61.4
61.4. Analysis
Comparison 61 SE ‐ Nausea/vomiting, Outcome 4 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
62.1
62.1. Analysis
Comparison 62 SE ‐ Nervousness, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
63.1
63.1. Analysis
Comparison 63 SE ‐ Orthostatic symptoms, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
63.2
63.2. Analysis
Comparison 63 SE ‐ Orthostatic symptoms, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus newer ADs.
64.1
64.1. Analysis
Comparison 64 SE ‐ Pain (general), Outcome 1 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
65.1
65.1. Analysis
Comparison 65 SE ‐ Palpitations, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
65.2
65.2. Analysis
Comparison 65 SE ‐ Palpitations, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
66.1
66.1. Analysis
Comparison 66 SE ‐ Panic attack, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
67.1
67.1. Analysis
Comparison 67 SE ‐ Paraesthesia, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
68.1
68.1. Analysis
Comparison 68 SE ‐ Pharyngitis, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
69.1
69.1. Analysis
Comparison 69 SE ‐ Pruritus, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
69.2
69.2. Analysis
Comparison 69 SE ‐ Pruritus, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
70.1
70.1. Analysis
Comparison 70 SE ‐ Rash, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
70.2
70.2. Analysis
Comparison 70 SE ‐ Rash, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
70.3
70.3. Analysis
Comparison 70 SE ‐ Rash, Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
71.1
71.1. Analysis
Comparison 71 SE ‐ Reduced salivation, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
72.1
72.1. Analysis
Comparison 72 SE ‐ Sedation/drowsiness, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
72.2
72.2. Analysis
Comparison 72 SE ‐ Sedation/drowsiness, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
72.3
72.3. Analysis
Comparison 72 SE ‐ Sedation/drowsiness, Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
72.4
72.4. Analysis
Comparison 72 SE ‐ Sedation/drowsiness, Outcome 4 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
73.1
73.1. Analysis
Comparison 73 SE ‐ Rhinitis, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
74.1
74.1. Analysis
Comparison 74 SE ‐ Restlessness, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
74.2
74.2. Analysis
Comparison 74 SE ‐ Restlessness, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
75.1
75.1. Analysis
Comparison 75 SE ‐ Sexual problems, Outcome 1 Anorgasmia.
75.2
75.2. Analysis
Comparison 75 SE ‐ Sexual problems, Outcome 2 Erectile dysfunction.
75.3
75.3. Analysis
Comparison 75 SE ‐ Sexual problems, Outcome 3 Increased sexual desire.
75.4
75.4. Analysis
Comparison 75 SE ‐ Sexual problems, Outcome 4 Loss of sexual interest.
75.5
75.5. Analysis
Comparison 75 SE ‐ Sexual problems, Outcome 5 Orgastic dysfunction.
75.6
75.6. Analysis
Comparison 75 SE ‐ Sexual problems, Outcome 6 Other sexual problems.
76.1
76.1. Analysis
Comparison 76 SE ‐ Sleepiness/somnolence, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
76.2
76.2. Analysis
Comparison 76 SE ‐ Sleepiness/somnolence, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
76.3
76.3. Analysis
Comparison 76 SE ‐ Sleepiness/somnolence, Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
76.4
76.4. Analysis
Comparison 76 SE ‐ Sleepiness/somnolence, Outcome 4 Citalopram versus MAOIs or newer ADs.
76.5
76.5. Analysis
Comparison 76 SE ‐ Sleepiness/somnolence, Outcome 5 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
77.1
77.1. Analysis
Comparison 77 SE ‐ Sweating, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
77.2
77.2. Analysis
Comparison 77 SE ‐ Sweating, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
77.3
77.3. Analysis
Comparison 77 SE ‐ Sweating, Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
77.4
77.4. Analysis
Comparison 77 SE ‐ Sweating, Outcome 4 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
78.1
78.1. Analysis
Comparison 78 SE ‐ Syncope, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
78.2
78.2. Analysis
Comparison 78 SE ‐ Syncope, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
79.1
79.1. Analysis
Comparison 79 SE ‐ Tachycardia, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
79.2
79.2. Analysis
Comparison 79 SE ‐ Tachycardia, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
79.3
79.3. Analysis
Comparison 79 SE ‐ Tachycardia, Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
79.4
79.4. Analysis
Comparison 79 SE ‐ Tachycardia, Outcome 4 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
80.1
80.1. Analysis
Comparison 80 SE ‐ Taste abnormalities, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
80.2
80.2. Analysis
Comparison 80 SE ‐ Taste abnormalities, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
81.1
81.1. Analysis
Comparison 81 SE ‐ Tension, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
81.2
81.2. Analysis
Comparison 81 SE ‐ Tension, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
82.1
82.1. Analysis
Comparison 82 SE ‐ Tremor, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
82.2
82.2. Analysis
Comparison 82 SE ‐ Tremor, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
82.3
82.3. Analysis
Comparison 82 SE ‐ Tremor, Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
82.4
82.4. Analysis
Comparison 82 SE ‐ Tremor, Outcome 4 Citalopram versus MAOIs or newer ADs.
82.5
82.5. Analysis
Comparison 82 SE ‐ Tremor, Outcome 5 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
83.1
83.1. Analysis
Comparison 83 SE ‐ Urination problems, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
83.2
83.2. Analysis
Comparison 83 SE ‐ Urination problems, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
83.3
83.3. Analysis
Comparison 83 SE ‐ Urination problems, Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
83.4
83.4. Analysis
Comparison 83 SE ‐ Urination problems, Outcome 4 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
84.1
84.1. Analysis
Comparison 84 SE ‐ Upper respiratory tract infection, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
84.2
84.2. Analysis
Comparison 84 SE ‐ Upper respiratory tract infection, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
85.1
85.1. Analysis
Comparison 85 SE ‐ Vertigo, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
85.2
85.2. Analysis
Comparison 85 SE ‐ Vertigo, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
85.3
85.3. Analysis
Comparison 85 SE ‐ Vertigo, Outcome 3 Citalopram versus non‐conventional ADs.
86.1
86.1. Analysis
Comparison 86 SE ‐ Visual problems (accommodation disorders, blurred vision, detached retina, mydriasis), Outcome 1 Citalopram versus TCAs.
86.2
86.2. Analysis
Comparison 86 SE ‐ Visual problems (accommodation disorders, blurred vision, detached retina, mydriasis), Outcome 2 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
86.3
86.3. Analysis
Comparison 86 SE ‐ Visual problems (accommodation disorders, blurred vision, detached retina, mydriasis), Outcome 3 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
86.4
86.4. Analysis
Comparison 86 SE ‐ Visual problems (accommodation disorders, blurred vision, detached retina, mydriasis), Outcome 4 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
87.1
87.1. Analysis
Comparison 87 SE ‐ Weight gain, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus other SSRIs.
87.2
87.2. Analysis
Comparison 87 SE ‐ Weight gain, Outcome 2 Citalopram versus other conventional ADs.
88.1
88.1. Analysis
Comparison 88 SE ‐ Yawning, Outcome 1 Citalopram versus heterocyclics.
89.1
89.1. Analysis
Comparison 89 Deaths, suicide and suicidality, Outcome 1 DSH.
89.2
89.2. Analysis
Comparison 89 Deaths, suicide and suicidality, Outcome 2 Suicide ‐ Tendency/Ideation.
89.3
89.3. Analysis
Comparison 89 Deaths, suicide and suicidality, Outcome 3 Suicide ‐ completed.
89.4
89.4. Analysis
Comparison 89 Deaths, suicide and suicidality, Outcome 4 Deaths (any cause).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Update of

  • doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006534

References

References to studies included in this review

29060/785 {unpublished data only}
    1. Jefferson J, Griest J. A double‐blind comparison of citalopram and paroxetine in the treatment of patients with depression and anxiety. 39th Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology; Dec 10‐14; San Juan; Puerto Rico. 2000.
    1. Unpublished study. A double‐blind, placebo controlled, fixed‐dosage study comparing the efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine CR and citalopram to placebo in the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder with anxiety. www.gsk‐clinicalstudyregister.com.
Allard 2004 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Allard P, Gram L, Timdahl K, Behnke K, Hanson M, Sogaard J. Efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine in geriatric outpatients with major depression: a double‐blind, randomised 6‐month comparative trial with citalopram. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2004;19(12):1123‐30. - PubMed
Andersen 1986 {published data only}
    1. Andersen J, Bech P, Benjaminsen S, Bjerre M, Bojhlm S, Christensen P, et al. Citalopram: clinical effect profile in comparison with clomipramine. A controlled multicentre study. Psychopharmacology 1986;90:131‐8. - PubMed
    1. Bech P, Allerup P, Gram LF, Kragh‐Sorensen P, Rafaelsen OJ, Reisby N, et al. The Diagnostic Melancholia Scale (DMS): dimensions of endogenous and reactive depression with relationship to the newcastle scales. Journal of Affective Disorders 1988;14(2):161‐70. - PubMed
    1. Christensen P, Thomsen HY, Pedersen OL, Gram LF, Kragh‐Sorensen P. Orthostatic side effects of clomipramine and citalopram during treatment for depression. Psychopharmacology 1985;86(4):383‐5. - PubMed
    1. Fuglum E, Rosenberg C, Damsbo N, Stage K, Lauritzen L, Bech P. Screening and treating depressed patients A comparison of two controlled citalopram trials across treatment settings: hospitalized patients vs patients treated by their family doctors. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1996;94(1):18‐25. - PubMed
Berlanga 2006 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Berlanga C, Flores M. Are gender differences in antidepressant response specific to serotoninergic agents? A comparative study of citalopram vs reboxetine. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 2004;7(Suppl 2):S167‐8.
    1. Berlanga C, Flores‐Ramos M. Different gender response to serotonergic and noradrenergic antidepressants. A comparative study of the efficacy of citalopram and reboxetine. Journal of Affective Disorders 2006;95:119‐23. - PubMed
    1. Eyding D, Lelgemann M, Grouven U, Harter M, Kromp M, Kaiser T. Reboxetine for acute treatment of major depression: systematic review and meta‐analysis of published and unpublished placebo and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor controlled trials. BMJ 2010;341:4737. - PMC - PubMed
Bouchard 1987 {published data only}
    1. Bouchard JM, Delaunay J, Delisle JP, Grasset N, Mermberg PF, Molczadzki M, et al. Citalopram versus maprotiline: a controlled, clinical multicentre trial in depressed patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1987;76(5):583‐92. - PubMed
Bougerol 1997a {published data only}
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Bougerol 1997b {published data only}
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Burke 2002 {published and unpublished data}
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Castanedo de Alba 1998 {published data only}
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Colonna 2005 {published and unpublished data}
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de Wilde 1985 {published data only}
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Ekselius 1997 {published data only}
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Gastpar 2006 {published data only}
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    1. Gastpar M, Singer A, Zeller K. Comparative efficacy and safety of a once‐daily dosage of hypericum extract STW3‐VI and citalopram in patients with moderate depression: A double‐blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo‐controlled study. Pharmacopsychiatry 2006;39(2):66‐75. - PubMed
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Gravem 1987 {published data only}
    1. Gravem A, Amthor KF, Astrup C, Elgen K, Gjessing LR, Gunby B er al. A double‐blind comparison of citalopram (Lu 10‐171) and amitriptyline in depressed patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1987;75(5):478‐86. - PubMed
Hosak 1999 {published data only}
    1. Hosak L, Tuma I. Comparative study of three antidepressants: Preliminary results. Homeostasis in Health and Disease 1996;37(3):138‐9.
    1. Hosak L, Tuma I, Hanus H. [A comparative study of three antidepressants with a different mechanism of action in hospitalized patients]. Ceska a Slovenska Psychiatrie 1999;95(3):146‐56.
    1. Hosak L, Tuma I, Hanus H, Straka L. Costs and outcomes of use of amitriptyline, citalopram and fluoxetine in major depression: exploratory study. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 2000;43(4):133‐7. - PubMed
Hsu 2011 {published data only}
    1. Hsu J‐W, Su T‐P, Huang C‐Y, Chen Y‐S, Chou Y‐H. Faster onset of antidepressant effects of citalopram compared with sertraline in drug‐naive first‐episode major depressive disorder in a Chinese population: A 6‐week double‐blind, randomized comparative study. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2011;31(5):577‐81. - PubMed
Karlsson 2000 {published data only}
    1. Karlsson I, Godderis J, Augusto De Mendonca Lima C, Nygaard H, Simanyi M, Taal M, et al. A randomised, double‐blind comparison of the efficacy and safety of citalopram compared to mianserin in elderly, depressed patients with or without mild to moderate dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2000;15:295‐305. - PubMed
Khanzode 2003 {published data only}
    1. Khanzode SD, Dakhale GN, Khanzode SS, Saoji A, Palasodkar R. Oxidative damage and major depression: The potential antioxidant action of selective serotonin‐re‐uptake inhibitors. Redox Report 2003;8(6):365‐70. - PubMed
Kyle 1998 {published data only}
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Lalit 2004 {published data only}
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Langworth 2006 {published data only}
    1. Eyding D, Lelgemann M, Grouven U, Harter M, Kromp M, Kaiser T. Reboxetine for acute treatment of major depression: systematic review and meta‐analysis of published and unpublished placebo and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor controlled trials. BMJ 2010;341:4737. - PMC - PubMed
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Leinonen 1999 {published data only}
    1. Agren H, Leinonen E, Skarstein J, Behke K, Helsdingen JT. Efficacy and tolerability of mirtazapine vs citalopram: a double‐blind, randomized study in patients with major depressive disorder. European Neuropsychopharmacology 1999;9(Suppl 5):228. - PubMed
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    1. Leinonen E, Skarstein J, Behnke K, Agren H, Helsdingen JT. Efficacy and tolerability of mirtazapine versus citalopram: a double‐blind, randomized study in patients with major depressive disorder. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1999;14(6):329‐37. - PubMed
    1. Leinonen E, Skarstein J, Behnke K, Agren H, Schutte AJ. Long‐term mirtazapine versus citalopram in major depression [Abstract No.476]. 153rd Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, 2000 May 13‐18, Chicago. 2000.
    1. Leinonen E, Skarstein J, Behnke K, Angren H, Schutte AJ. Mirtazapine has similar long‐term efficacy and tolerability to citalopram and faster onset of action in the treatment of major depression. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2000;10(Suppl 3):265.
Lepola 2003 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Lepola U M, Loft H, Reines E H. Escitalopram (10‐20 mg/day) is effective and well tolerated in a placebo‐controlled study in depression in primary care. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 2003;18(4):211‐7. - PubMed
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    1. Reines EH, Loft H, Lepola U. Escitalopram is efficacious and well tolerated in the treatment of depression in primary care. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2002;12(Suppl 3):S254.
Lewis 2011 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Lewis G, Mulligan J, Wiles N, Cowen P, Craddock N, Ikeda M, et al. Polymorphism of the 5‐HT transporter and response to antidepressants: randomised controlled trial.. British Journal of Psychiatry 2011;198:464‐71. - PubMed
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Lu 10‐171,79‐01 {unpublished data only}
    1. Lundbeck. A controlled clinical study on citalopram and nortriptyline in patients with depressive illness. H. Lundbeck A/S 1984;Report No. 1/831 1984.
Lu 10‐171, 83‐01 {unpublished data only}
    1. www.lundbeck.com. A controlled clinical comparison on citalopram and imipramine in depressed patients. H. Lundbeck A/S 1987;Report No. 42/831 1987.
Matreja 2007 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Matreja PS, Badyal DK, Khosla P, Deswal RS. Effectiveness and acceptability of sertraline and citalopram in major depressive disorder: pragmatic randomized open‐label comparison. Human Psychopharmacology 2007;22(7):477‐82. - PubMed
Moeller 2003 {published data only}
    1. Moeller O, Hetzel G, Rothermundt M, Michael N, Nyhuis PW, Suslow T, et al. Oral citalopram and reboxetine challenge tests before and after selective antidepressant treatment. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2003;37(3):261‐2. - PubMed
Moore 2005 {published data only}
    1. Fantino B, Moore N. The self‐reported Montgomery‐Asberg depression rating scale is a useful evaluative tool in major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2009;9:26. - PMC - PubMed
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Navarro 2001 {published data only}
    1. Navarro V, Gasto C, Torres X, Marcos T, Pintor L. Citalopram versus nortriptyline in late‐life depression: a 12‐week randomized single‐blind study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2001;103(6):435‐40. - PubMed
Ou 2010 {published data only}
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Rosenberg 1994 {published data only}
    1. Fuglum E, Rosenberg C, Damsbo N, Stage K, Lauritzen L, Bech P. Screening and treating depressed patients A comparison of two controlled citalopram trials across treatment settings: hospitalized patients vs patients treated by their family doctors. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1996;94(1):18‐25. - PubMed
    1. Rosenberg C, Damsbo N, Fuglum E, Jacobsen LV, Horsgard S. Citalopram and imipramine in the treatment of depressive patients in general‐practice. A Nordic multicentre clinical study. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1994;9(Suppl 1):41‐8. - PubMed
SCT‐MD‐02 {unpublished data only}
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Shaw 1986 {published and unpublished data}
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Stahl 2000 {published data only}
    1. Cooper‐Kazaz R, Rigbi A, Lerer B. Targeting remission by 8 weeks: When should supplementation be considered in patients with major depression treated with a specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor?. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2011;52(1):9‐16. - PubMed
    1. Stahl SM. Double‐blind comparison of citalopram, sertraline and placebo. 152nd Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. 1999 May 15‐20, Washington DC. 1999.
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    1. Stahl SM, Wilcox C, Overo K. Citalopram vs. sertraline vs. placebo in the treatment of major depression. European Neuropsychopharmacology 1999;9(Suppl 5):232.
Timmerman 1993 {published data only}
    1. Haffmans PM, Timmerman L, Hoogduin CA. Efficacy and tolerability of citalopram in comparison with fluvoxamine in depressed outpatients: a double‐blind, multicentre study The lucifer group. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1996;11(3):157‐64. - PubMed
    1. Timmerman L, Haffmans PMJ, Hoogduin CA. Citalopram in major depression: a comparative study with Fluvoxamine, Preliminary results. Past, Present and Future of Psychiatry 1993;2:982‐6.
Yevtushenko 2007 {published data only}
    1. Yevtushenko VY, Belous AI, Yevtushenko YG, Gusinin SE, Buzik OJ, Agibalova TV. Efficacy and tolerability of escitalopram versus citalopram in major depressive disorder: a 6‐week, multicenter, prospective, randomized, double‐blind, active‐controlled study in adult outpatients. Clinical Therapeutics 2007;29(11):2319‐32. - PubMed

References to studies excluded from this review

Adli 2008 {published data only}
    1. Adli M, Wiethoff K, Baethge C, Pfennig A, Stamm T, Bauer M. Olanzapine in the treatment of depression with psychotic features: A prospective open‐label study. Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice 2008;12:202‐9. - PubMed
Altamura 2008 {published data only}
    1. Altamura AC, Dell'Osso B, Buoli M, Bosi M, Mundo E. Short‐term intravenous citalopram augmentation in partial/nonresponders with major depression: a randomized placebo‐controlled study. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 2008;23:198‐202. - PubMed
Altamura 2008b {published data only}
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Amiaz 2008 {published data only}
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Amsterdam 2008 {published data only}
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Anderer 2002 {published data only}
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Andersen 1993 {published data only}
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Angermann 2007 {published data only}
    1. Angermann CE, Gelbrich G, Stork S, Fallgatter A, Deckert J, Faller H, et al. Rationale and design of a randomised, controlled, multicenter trial investigating the effects of selective serotonin re‐uptake inhibition on morbidity, mortality and mood in depressed heart failure patients (MOOD‐HF). European Journal of Heart Failure 2007;9(12):1212‐22. - PubMed
Anon 1995 {unpublished data only}
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Anonymous 2011 {published data only}
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Azorin 2004 {published data only}
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Baldwin 2006 {published data only}
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Barone 2011 {published data only}
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Bauer 2010 {published data only}
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Baumann 1998a {unpublished data only}
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Baumann 1998b {published and unpublished data}
    1. Baumann P, Nil R, Bertschy G, Jecker A, Brandli H, Morand J, et al. A double‐blind double‐dummy study of citalopram comparing infusion versus oral administration. Journal of Affective Disorders 1998;49:203‐10. - PubMed
Benkelfat 1987 {published data only}
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Berney 2008 {published data only}
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Bersani 1997 {published data only}
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Beving 1985 {published data only}
    1. Beving H, Bjerkenstedt L, Malmgren R, Olsson P, Unge G. The effects of citalopram (Lu 10‐171) on the serotonin (5‐HT) uptake kinetics in platelets from endogenously depressed patients. Journal of Neural Transmission 1985;61(1‐2):95‐104. - PubMed
Bhagwagar 2004 {published data only}
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Bigos 2008 {published data only}
    1. Bigos KL, Pollock BG, Aizenstein HJ, Fisher PM, Bies RR, Hariri AR. Acute 5‐HT reuptake blockade potentiates human amygdala reactivity. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008;33:3221‐5. - PMC - PubMed
Bijl 2004 {published data only}
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Bjerkenstedt 1985 {published data only}
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Bouchard 1997 {published data only}
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Brown 2004 {published data only}
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Bryan 2007 {published data only}
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Bun'kova KM {published data only}
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Carman 2002 {unpublished data only}
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Chakravarti 2002 {unpublished data only}
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Chan 2009 {published data only}
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Chen 2005 {published data only}
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Conte 1997 {unpublished data only}
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Cooper‐Kazaz 2011 {published data only}
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Culang 2009 {published data only}
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    1. Daly EJ, Trivedi MH, Fava M, Shelton R, Wisniewski SR, Morris DW, et al. The relationship between adverse events during selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment for major depressive disorder and non remission in the suicide assessment methodology study. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2011;31(1):31‐8. - PubMed
Davis 2006 {published data only}
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Davis 2010 {published data only}
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Davis 2010b {published data only}
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Deakin 2002 {unpublished data only}
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DeBattista 2011 {published data only}
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Dell'Osso 2008 {published data only}
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Deng 2006 {published data only}
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Denko 2007 {published data only}
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Devos 2008 {published data only}
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Diniz 2010 {published data only}
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Di Simplicio 2010 {published data only}
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Doggrell 2006 {published data only}
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Domelas 2007 {published data only}
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Feighner 1999 {published data only}
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Gonsai 2000 {published data only}
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Gorman 2002a {published data only}
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Gorwood 2007 {published data only}
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Hannestad 2011 {published data only}
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Hemels 2004 {published data only}
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Hindmarch 2000 {published data only}
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Holtzheimer 2008 {published data only}
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Huezo‐Diaz 2009 {published data only}
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Judge 2000 {published data only}
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Kapitany 1999 {published data only}
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Khazaie 2011 {published data only}
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Kraus 2008 {published data only}
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Kroenke 2009 {published data only}
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Li WQ 2006 {published data only}
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Miao 2004 {published data only}
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Minelli 2010 {published data only}
    1. Minelli A, Bortolomasi M, Scassellati C, Salvoro B, Avesani M, Manganotti P. Effects of intravenous antidepressant drugs on the excitability of human motor cortex: a study with paired magnetic stimulation on depressed patients. Brain Stimulation 2010;3:15‐21. - PubMed
Miskowiak 2009 {published data only}
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Moltzen 2005 {published data only}
    1. Moltzen LS, Ninan PT, Ventura D, Wang J. Escitalopram in the treatment of severe depression. XIII World Congress of Psychiatry, Cairo, Egypt. 10‐15th September 2005.
Morasco 2010 {published data only}
    1. Morasco BJ, Loftis JM, Indest DW, Ruimy S, Davison JW, Felker B. Prophylactic antidepressant treatment in patients with hepatitis C on antiviral therapy: A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Psychosomatics 2010;51:401‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Moretti 2002 {published data only}
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Muhonen 2008 {published data only}
    1. Muhonen LH, Lahti J, Sinclair D, Lönnqvist J, Alho H. Treatment of alcohol dependence in patients with co‐morbid major depressive disorder‐‐predictors for the outcomes with memantine and escitalopram medication. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy 2008;3:20. - PMC - PubMed
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NCT00048815 {unpublished data only}
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Nierenberg 2004 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Nierenberg AA, Henderson J, Rapaport MH, Burns A. Pharmacotherapy for minor depression. ClinicalTrials.gov 2004.
Nowak 2003 {published data only}
    1. Nowak G, Siwek M, Dudek D, Zieba A, Pilc A. Effect of zinc supplementation on antidepressant therapy in unipolar depression: A preliminary placebo‐controlled study. Polish Journal of Pharmacology 2003;55(6):1143‐7. - PubMed
Nunez 1999 {unpublished data only}
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Nurnberg 2008 {published data only}
    1. Nurnberg HG, Hensley PL, Heiman JR, Croft HA, Debattista C, Paine S. Sildenafil treatment of women with antidepressant‐associated sexual dysfunction: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2008;300:395‐404. - PubMed
Nyth 1990 {published data only}
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Oberpichler‐Schwenk 2000 {published data only}
    1. Oberpichler‐Schwenk HO. Safe treatment of depression with mirtazapine. Psychopharmakotherapie 2000;7(5):1‐4.
Pae 2011 {published data only}
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Palmer 2002 {published data only}
    1. Palmer SM, Clary GL, Babyak MA, Wilkerson N, Silvertooth E, Hellegars C, et al. A preliminary randomised double‐blind placebo controlled study of the effects of citalopram (Celexa) on depression, anxiety and quality of life in patients with severe COPD. Chest 2002;122(4):144.
Papakostas 2000 {published data only}
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Parvin 2011 {unpublished data only}
    1. Parvin N, Farzaneh S, Nikfarjam M, Shahinfard N, Asarzadegan N. The effect of lavandula angustifolia in the treatment of depression. European Psychiatry, 19th European Congress of Psychiatry, Vienna. 2011.
Perlis 2009 {published data only}
    1. Perlis RH, Fijal B, Adams DH, Sutton VK, Trivedi MH, Houston JP. Variation in catechol‐O‐methyltransferase is associated with duloxetine response in a clinical trial for major depressive disorder. Biological Psychiatry 2009;65:785‐91. - PubMed
Petersen 1998 {published data only}
    1. Petersen HE, Patris M, Mackle M. Double‐blind comparison of citalopram and fluoxetine ‐ treatment of depression with and without benzodiazepines. 151st Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 30th May 4th June 1998. 1998.
Pogosova 2004 {published data only}
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Portella 2010 {published data only}
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Prasko 2003 {published data only}
    1. Prasko J, Johanovska E, Klar I, Pec O, Ondrackova I, Sipek J, et al. Cognitive‐behavioral Therapy and Pharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Patients Suffering with Unipolar Recurrent Depression. Ceska a Slovenska Psychiatrie 2003;99(2):103‐5.
Quante 2010 {published data only}
    1. Quante A, Zeugmann S, Luborzewski A, Schommer N, Langosch J, Born C. Aripiprazole as adjunct to a mood stabilizer and citalopram in bipolar depression: A randomized placebo‐controlled pilot study. Human Psychopharmacology 2010;25:126‐32. - PubMed
Raisi 2007 {published data only}
    1. Raisi F, Habibi N, Nasehi AA, Akhondzadeh S. Combination of citalopram and nortriptyline in the treatment of severe major depression: A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Therapy 2007;4(2):187‐92.
Rampello 2004 {published data only}
    1. Rampello L, Alvano A. Prediction of the response to citalopram and reboxetine in post‐stroke depressed patients: The reasons of the enrollment of patients without cognitive impairment. Psychopharmacology 2004;175:264. - PubMed
Rampello 2004a {published data only}
    1. Rampello L, Alvano A, Chiechio S, Malaguarnera M, Raffaele R, Vecchio I, et al. Evaluation of the prophylactic efficacy of amitriptyline and citalopram, alone or in combination, in patients with comorbidity of depression, migraine, and tension‐type headache. Neuropsychobiology 2004;50(4):322‐8. - PubMed
Rampello 2004b {published data only}
    1. Rampello L, Chiechio S, Nicoletti G, Alvano A, Vecchio I, Raffaele R, et al. Prediction of the response to citalopram and reboxetine in post‐stroke depressed patients. Psychopharmacology 2004;173(1‐2):73‐8. - PubMed
Rampello 2006 {published data only}
    1. Rampello L, Alvano A, Raffaele R, Malaguarnera M, Vecchio I. New possibilities of treatment for panic attacks in elderly patients: escitalopram versus citalopram. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2006;26(1):67‐70. - PubMed
Rapaport 2010 {published data only}
    1. Rapoport MJ, Mitchell RA, McCullagh S, Herrmann N, Chan F, Kiss A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of antidepressant continuation for major depression following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2010;71(9):1125‐30. - PubMed
Rapaport 2011 {published data only}
    1. Rapaport MH, Nierenberg AA, Howland R, Dording C, Schettler PJ, Mischoulon D. The treatment of minor depression with St. John's Wort or citalopram: Failure to show benefit over placebo. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2011;45(7):931‐41. - PMC - PubMed
Rapoport 2010 {published data only}
    1. Rapoport MJ, Mitchell RA, McCullagh S, Herrmann N, Chan F, Kiss A. A randomized controlled trial of antidepressant continuation for major depression following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2010;71:1125‐30. - PubMed
Raskin 2011 {unpublished data only}
    1. Raskin J, Granger RE, Hussain N, Zhao GW, Marangell LB. Apathy in SSRI‐treated patients with depression: Outcomes after switch to duloxetine or escitalopram. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 24th Congress of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Paris France. 2011.
Rasmussen 1992 {published data only}
    1. Rasmussen S, Bech P. Citalopram in the treatment of depression in specialist practice. Morning versus evening administration. Clinical Neuropharmacology 1992;15(1):529.
Riva 2006 {published data only}
    1. Riva M, Lurati C, Durbano F, Regispani F, Mencacci C. Treatment and treatments: Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of integrated pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic treatment in outpatients with major depression. Italian Journal of Psychopathology 2006;12(3):323‐31.
Robinson 2008 {published data only}
    1. Robinson RG, Jorge RE, Moser DJ, Acion L, Solodkin A, Small SL, et al. Escitalopram and problem‐solving therapy for prevention of poststroke depression: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of American Medical Association 2008;299(20):2391‐400. - PMC - PubMed
Robinson 2009 {published data only}
    1. Robinson RG, Tenev V, Jorge RE. Citalopram for continuation therapy after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in vascular depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2009;17:682‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Rocca 2005 {published data only}
    1. Rocca P, Calvarese P, Faggiano F, Marchiaro L, Mathis F, Rivoira E, et al. Citalopram versus sertraline in late‐life nonmajor clinically significant depression: a 1‐year follow‐up clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2005;66(3):360‐9. - PubMed
Roose 2004 {published data only}
    1. Roose SP, Sackeim HA, Krishnan KR, Pollock BG, Alexopoulos G, Lavretsky H, et al. Antidepressant pharmacotherapy in the treatment of depression in the very old: a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry 2004;161(11):2050‐9. - PubMed
Rosenthal 2002 {published data only}
    1. Rosenthal M, Zornberg G, Li D. Efficacy and tolerability of escitalopram in patients intolerant of other SSRIs. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 2002;5(1):147.
Rush 2008 {published data only}
    1. Rush AJ, Wisniewski SR, Warden D, Luther JF, Davis LL, Fava M. Selecting among second‐step antidepressant medication monotherapies: predictive value of clinical, demographic, or first‐step treatment features. Archives of General Psychiatry 2008;65:870‐80. - PubMed
Salloway 2002 {published data only}
    1. Salloway S, Correia S, Boyle P, Malloy P, Schneider L, Lavretsky H, et al. Mri subcortical hyperintensities in old and very old depressed outpatients: the important role of age in late‐life depression. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2002;203‐204:227‐33. - PubMed
Schaefer 2008 {published data only}
    1. Schaefer M. Es‐Citalopram for the prevention of PEG‐IFN‐alpha and ribavirin associated depression in HCV‐infected patients without psychiatric risk factors. Hepatology 2008;48:432A‐433A.
Schfer 2010 {published data only}
    1. Schfer A, Scheurlen M, Seufert J, Keicher C, Weissbrich B, Rieger P. Platelet serotonin (5‐HT) levels in interferon‐treated patients with hepatitis C and its possible association with interferon‐induced depression. Journal of Hepatology 2010;52:10‐5. - PubMed
Schmitt 2006 {published data only}
    1. Schmitt L, Tonnoir B, Arbus C. Safety and efficacy of oral escitalopram as continuation treatment of intravenous citalopram in patients with major depressive disorder. Neuropsychobiology 2006;54(4):201‐7. - PubMed
Segal 2010 {published data only}
    1. Segal ZV, Bieling P, Young T, MacQueen G, Cooke R, Martin L. Antidepressant monotherapy vs sequential pharmacotherapy and mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy, or placebo, for relapse prophylaxis in recurrent depression vs sequential pharmacotherapy and mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy, or placebo, for relapse prophylaxis in recurrent depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 2010;67:1256‐64. - PMC - PubMed
Serfaty 2010 {published data only}
    1. Serfaty MA, Osborne D, Buszewicz MJ, Blizard R, Raven PW. A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial of treatment as usual plus exogenous slow‐release melatonin (6 mg) or placebo for sleep disturbance and depressed mood. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 2010;25:132‐42. - PubMed
Sharp 2010 {published data only}
    1. Sharp DJ, Chew‐Graham CA, Tylee A, Lewis G, Howard L, Anderson I. A pragmatic randomised controlled trial to compare antidepressants with a community‐based psychosocial intervention for the treatment of women with postnatal depression: The RESPOND trial. Health Technology Assessment 2010;14:1‐181. - PubMed
Smith 2011 {published data only}
    1. Smith GS, Workman CI, Kramer E, Hermann CR, Ginsberg R, Ma Y. The relationship between the acute cerebral metabolic response to citalopram and chronic citalopram treatment outcome. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2011;19:53‐63. - PMC - PubMed
Sneed 2007 {published data only}
    1. Sneed JR, Culang ME, Keilp JG, Rutherford BR, Devanand DP, Roose SP. Antidepressant medication and executive dysfunction: a deleterious interaction in late‐life depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2010;18:128‐35. - PMC - PubMed
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Soares 2006 {published data only}
    1. Soares CN, Arsenio H, Joffe H, Bankier B, Cassano P, Petrillo LF, et al. Escitalopram versus ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone acetate for symptomatic peri‐ and postmenopausal women: impact on depression, vasomotor symptoms, sleep, and quality of life. Menopause 2006;13(5):780‐6. - PubMed
Soares 2010 {published data only}
    1. Soares CN, Thase ME, Clayton A, Guico Pabia CJ, Focht K, Jiang Q. Desvenlafaxine and escitalopram for the treatment of postmenopausal women with major depressive disorder. Menopause 2010;17:700‐11. - PubMed
Souery 2010 {published data only}
    1. Souery D, Serretti A, Calati R, Oswald P, Massat I, Konstantinidis A, et al. Citalopram versus desipramine in treatment resistant depression: Effect of continuation or switching strategies. A randomized open study. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 2011;12(5):364‐75. - PubMed
    1. Souery D, Serretti A, Montgomery S, Kasper S, Zohar J, Mendlewicz J. Advances on the treatment of resistant depression. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice 2010;14:13.
Stein 2001 {published data only}
    1. Stein DJ, Montgomery SA, Kasper S, Tanhoj P. Predictors of response to pharmacotherapy with citalopram in obsessive‐compulsive disorder. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 2001;2(Suppl 1):345‐9. - PubMed
Stein 2005 {published data only}
    1. Stein MD, Solomon DA, Anderson BJ, Herman DS, Anthony JL, Brown RA, et al. Persistence of antidepressant treatment effects in a pharmacotherapy plus psychotherapy trial for active injection drug users.. American Journal on Addictions 2005;14(4):346‐57. - PubMed
Sun 2004 {published data only}
    1. Sun Q, Zen D, Luo S. Comparative study of citalopram combined with buspirone for treatment of refractory depression. Journal of Clinical Psychological Medicine 2004;14(4):221‐2.
Swartz 2008 {published data only}
    1. Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry 2008;165:1155‐62. - PMC - PubMed
Talati 2007 {published data only}
    1. Talati A, Wickramaratne PJ, Pilowsky DJ, Alpert JE, Cerda G, Garber J, et al. Remission of maternal depression and child symptoms among single mothers. A STAR*D‐child report. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2007;42(12):962‐71. - PMC - PubMed
Targacept 2008 {unpublished data only}
    1. Targacept Inc. A Multi‐Center, Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled, Parallel Group, Flexible Dose Titration, Add‐On Study of TC‐5214 in the Treatment of MDD With Subjects Who Are Partial Responders or Non‐Responders to Citalopram Therapy. www.clinicaltrials.gov 2008.
Thase 2010 {published data only}
    1. Thase ME, Nierenberg AA, Vrijland P, Oers HJ, Schutte AJ, Simmons JH. Remission with mirtazapine and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a meta‐analysis of individual patient data from 15 controlled trials of acute phase treatment of major depression. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 2010;25:189‐98. - PubMed
Thase 2011 {published data only}
    1. Thase ME, Ninan PT, Musgnung JJ, Trivedi MH. Remission with venlafaxine extended release or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in depressed patients: A randomized, open‐label study. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2011;13(1):0m00979. - PMC - PubMed
Thorell 1999 {published data only}
    1. Thorell LH, Kjellman B, Arned M, Lindwall‐Sundel K, Walinder J, Wetterberg L. Light treatment of seasonal affective disorder in combination with citalopram or placebo with 1‐year follow‐up. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1999;14(2):7‐11. - PubMed
Uher 2010 {published data only}
    1. Uher R, Perroud N, Ng MY, Hauser J, Henigsberg N, Maier W. Genome‐wide pharmacogenetics of antidepressant response in the GENDEP project. American Journal of Psychiatry 2010;167:555‐64. - PubMed
Van Bemmel 1993 {published data only}
    1. Bemmel AL, Hoofdakker RH, Beersma DG, Bouhuys AL. Changes in sleep polygraphic variables and clinical state in depressed patients during treatment with citalopram. Psychopharmacology 1993;113(2):225‐30. - PubMed
Voirol 1999 {published data only}
    1. Voirol P, Rubin C, Bryois C, Kosel M, Buclin T, Baumann P. Pharmacokinetic consequences of a citalopram treatment discontinuation. Therapeutic drug monitoring 1999;21:263‐6. - PubMed
Wade 2000 {published data only}
    1. Wade AG, Hochstrasser B. Prevention of depression recurrence with citalopram: Results from a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 2000;3(1):209.
Wade 2006 {published data only}
    1. Wade A, Despiegel N, Reines EH. Escitalopram in the long‐term treatment of major depressive disorder. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry 2006;18(2):83‐9. - PubMed
Wagner 2002 {published data only}
    1. Wagner KD, Robb AS, Findling R, Tiseo P. Citalopram is effective in the treatment of major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: results of a placebo‐controlled trial. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 2002;5(1):161.
Wang 2005 {published data only}
    1. Wang X, Hu X, Li H. Comparative study between citalopram and amitriptyline in treatment of depression induced by Alzheimer Disease. Journal of Clinical Psychological Medicine 2005;15(2):84‐5.
Warden 2009 {published data only}
    1. Warden D, Rush AJ, Wisniewski SR, Lesser IM, Kornstein SG, Balasubramani GK. What predicts attrition in second step medication treatments for depression?: a STAR*D Report. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 2009;12:459‐73. - PMC - PubMed
Wermuth 1998 {published data only}
    1. Wermuth L, Sorensen PS, Timm S, Christensen B, Utzon NP, Boas J, et al. Depression in idiopathic Parkinson's disease treated with citalopram. A placebo‐controlled trial. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry ‐ Nordisk Psykiatrisk Tidsskrift 1998;52(2):163‐9.
Wise 2011 {published data only}
    1. Wise TN. Prophylactic citalopram treatment in hepatitis C patients on antiviral therapy: Will it limit drug‐induced depression and enhance adherence?. Current Psychiatry Reports 2011;13:1‐2. - PubMed
Wisniewski 2009 {published data only}
    1. Wisniewski SR, Rush AJ, Nierenberg AA, Gaynes BN, Warden D, Luthe, JF. Can phase III trial results of antidepressant medications be generalized to clinical practice? A STAR*D report. American Journal of Psychiatry 2009;166:599‐607. - PubMed
Wu 2008 {published data only}
    1. Wu E, Greenberg PE, Yang E, Yu A, Erder MH. Comparison of escitalopram versus citalopram for the treatment of major depressive disorder in a geriatric population. Current Medical Research & Opinion 2008;24:2587‐95. - PubMed
Yang 2005 {published data only}
    1. Yang C, Wen Q, Wang X, Liu X. Comparative study of citalopram combined with amitriptyline for treatment of refractory depression. International Medicine and Health Guidance News 2005;11(4):69‐70.
Yang 2010 {published data only}
    1. Yang LPH, Scott LJ. Escitalopram: In the treatment of major depressive disorder in adolescent patients. Pediatric Drugs 2010;12:155‐62. - PubMed
Zhao 2005 {published data only}
    1. Zhao FT, Xu SM, Zhang QH, Wang XL, Liu HH. Citalopiam versus venlafaxine for the improvement of post‐stroke depression. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 2005;9(12):12‐3.
Zimbroff 2004 {unpublished data only}
    1. Zimbroff DL, Bose A, Li D. Escitalopram treatment of SSRI nonresponders can lead to remission in patients who fail initial SSRI therapy. 157th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; 2004 May 1‐6; New York, NY , NR758. 2004. 2004.
Zisook 2007 {published data only}
    1. Zisook S, Montross L, Kasckow J, Mohamed S, Palmer BW, Patterson TL, et al. Subsyndromal depressive symptoms in middle‐aged and older persons with schizophrenia. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2007;15(12):1005‐14. - PubMed
Zisook 2010 {published data only}
    1. Zisook S, Kasckow JW, Lanouette NM. Augmentation with citalopram for suicidal ideation in middle‐aged and older outpatients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder who have subthreshold depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2010;71:915‐22. - PubMed
Zou 2005 {published data only}
    1. Zou XB, Lin ZX, Lin JD, Lu D, Chen GM. Interventional efficacy of citalopram combined with shining and psychological morning exercise in the attack of depression in elderly people. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 2005;9(12):24‐5.

References to studies awaiting assessment

Ahlfors 1988 {published data only}
    1. Ahlfors UG, Elovaara S, Harma P, Suoniemi I, Heikkila L, Nummi K, et al. Clinical multicentre study of citalopram compared double‐blindly with mianserin in depressed patients in Finland. Nord Psykiatr Tidsskr 1988;42:201‐10.
Akimova 2010 {published data only}
    1. Akimova E, Lanzenberger R, Savli M, Hausler D, Wadsak W, Spindelegger C. The serotonin transporter (SERT) occupancy in median raphe nucleus quantified with PET predicts treatment response to SSRIs in major depressive disorder. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2010;20:S389.
Akimova 2011 {unpublished data only}
    1. Akimova E. Area‐specific occupancy of the serotonin transporter by escitalopram and citalopram in major depressive disorder. European Psychiatry. 2011; Vol. abstracts from the 19th European Congress of Psychiatry, EPA 2011 Mar 12‐15; Vienna, Austria.
Aydemir 2011 {published data only}
    1. Aydemir O, Ergun H, Kesebir S, Soygur H, Tulunay C. Effect of citalopram versus escitalopram on quality of life in the treatment of the acute phase of major depressive disorder: A comparative, open‐label study. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni 2011;21(3):210‐8.
Du 2004 {published data only}
    1. Du C, Che L. Efficacy analysis of citalopram and amitriptyline in the treatment of depression. Chinese Journal of health Psychology 2004;12(6):424‐6.
Fu 2006 {published data only}
    1. Fu R, Zhu C. Compariaon of citalopram and amitriptyline in treatment of depression. Medical Journal of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces 2006;17(4):250‐1.
Galecki 2004 {published data only}
    1. Galecki P, Florkowski A, Pietras T, Kolodziejska I, Nowakowski T, Pawelczyk A er al. Efficiency and safety of citalopram and venlafaxine in treatment of depressive disorders in elderly patients.. Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski 2004;17(102):621‐4. - PubMed
Gao 2005 {published data only}
    1. Gao B, Yue S, Liu J. Study on citalopram in the treatment of aged depression. Practical Geriatrics 2005;19(1):42‐3.
Gong 2005 {published data only}
    1. Gong C, Xu H, Xiang D, Zhou X. Comparative study on depression treated by citalopram or mirtazapine. Journal of Clinical Psychological Medicine 2005;15(3):154‐5.
Huang 2004 {published data only}
    1. Huang P, Li Z, Wang C. A clinical controlled study of citalopram and fluoxetine in the treatment of depression. Journal of Clinical Psychological Medicine 2004;14(6):364‐5.
Huang 2006 {published data only}
    1. Huang K. Contrast study of citalopram and fluoxetine in treatment of depression. Modern Medicine and Health 2006;20(10):1456‐1457.
Huang b 2006 {published data only}
    1. Huang J, Sun Z. A control study of citalopram and fluoxetine in first‐episode senile depression. Journal of Clinical Psychosomatic Diseases 2006;12(3):175‐6.
Juckel 2007 {published data only}
    1. Juckel G, Pogarell O, Augustin H, Mulert C, Muller‐Siecheneder F, Frodl T. Differential prediction of first clinical response to serotonergic and noradrenergic antidepressants using the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials in patients with major depressive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2007;68:1206‐12. - PubMed
Li 2004 {published data only}
    1. Li XH, Zhang HW, Pang YD. A comparative evaluation on the effect of citalopram and amitriptyline in treating senile depression. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 2004;8(27):5762‐3.
Li 2005 {published data only}
    1. Li X, Sun L, Li Z. A comparative study of the efficacy of citalopram in the treatment of depression. Sichuan Mental Health 2005;18(4):214‐6.
Li 2006 {published data only}
    1. Li J, Shen WW, Liu Y, Xu L, Liu SM, Kuang WH. The effectiveness and safety of escitalopram in the treatment of major depression: A randomized double‐blind active‐drug controlled trial. Chinese Journal of Evidence‐Based Medicine 2006;6(8):552‐6.
Liang 2005 {published data only}
    1. Liang C, Liu L, Zhang X. A comparative study of citalopram and fluoxetine in the treatment of depression. Shandong Archives of Psychiatry 2005;18(2):82‐3.
Liang 2006 {published data only}
    1. Liang K, Fan X. Comparative study of citalopram and mianserin in the treatment of senile depression. Journal of Clinical Psychological Medicine 2006;16(1):32‐3.
Li DS 2006 {published data only}
    1. Li DS, Wang C, Yu J. A comparative study of citalopram and paroxetine in the treatment of depression. Medical Journal of Chinese People's Health 2006;18(6):460‐1.
Lin 2001 {published data only}
    1. Lin J, HUuang Y, Chen G, Lin Z, Zhu G. Comparison of citalopram and amitriptyline in treatment of depression. Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies 2001;20(5):351‐4.
Liu 2006 {published data only}
    1. Liu J, Gan L, Feng D. A control study on citalopram and amitriptyline in the treatment of aged patients with depression. China Journal of Health Psychology 2006;14(4):450‐1.
Liu 2006d {published data only}
    1. Liu H, Du H, Liu Y, Li H. Study of citalopram in treatment of patients with senile depression. Journal of Clinical Psychological Medicine 2006;16:88‐9.
Li X 2005 {published data only}
    1. Li D, Yu J, Pang Y. Comparative study of citalopram and venlafaxine in the treatment of depression. Journal of Clinical Psychological Medicine 2005;15(3):158‐9.
Li Z 2004 {published data only}
    1. Li Z, Zeng Z, Liu Q. Clinical controlled study of citalopram versus amitriptyline in treatment of depressive disorder. Sichuan Mental Health 2004;17(2):76‐8.
Lu 2008 {published data only}
    1. Lu Q, Li Z, Zeng Z. Controlled study of citalopram versus amitriptyline in treatment of depressive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychological Medicine 2008;18:69‐70.
Ma 2004 {published data only}
    1. Ma Z, Zheng Z, Zhuang X. A comparative study of citalopram and amitriptyline in the treatment of depression. Shandong Archives of Psychiatry 2004;17(2):79‐81.
Moeller 1986 {published data only}
    1. Moeller SE, Beurs P, Timmerman L, Tan BK, Leijnse‐Ybema HJ, Cohen Stuart MH, et al. Plasma tryptophan and tyrosine ratios to competing amino acids in relation to antidepressant response to citalopram and maprotiline. A preliminary study. Psychopharmacology 1986;5:96‐100. - PubMed
NCT00269334 {published data only}
    1. Chen W, Deng C, Liu J‐Y, Hsiao N, Wen J‐K, Wu C‐K. Phase 4 Study of Clinical Pharmacogenomics of Antidepressant Response. ClinicalTrials.gov [www.clinicaltrials.gov] 2005:http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00269334 (accessed 11 Jun 2012). [NCT00269334]
NCT00993876 {published data only}
    1. Kock, J M. Cognitive Flexibility and Its Correlation to Sleep and Neuroplasticity In The Course Of Depression During Different Treatments. ClinicalTrials.gov 2009:http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00993876?term=NCT00993876&rank=1. (accessed 11 Jun 2012). [NCT00993876]
Norra 2011 {published data only}
    1. Norra C, Peddersen A, Juckel G, Waniek S. Mismatch negativity in depressed patients under selective noradrenergic and serotonergic antidepressants. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2011;21(Suppl 3):251‐2.
Pan 2005 {published data only}
    1. Pan K, Liu X, Yang J, Zhu L, Wang X, Wang X, et al. Cost‐effectiveness analysis of depression treatment with paroxetine, venlafaxine and citalopram. Chinese Journal of Clinical rehabilitation 2005;9(28):16‐7.
Qiao 2005 {published data only}
    1. Qiao J, Yu J, Hao Z. Comparative study of citalopram and paroxetine in treatment of depression. Journal of Clinical Psychological Medicine 2005;15(5):281‐2.
Qiu 2005 {published data only}
    1. Qiu C, Xiao B, Shi Z, Xie W, Zhang F, Qiu K. The effect observation of citalopram in the treatment of patients with depression. Journal of Shantou University Medical College 2005;18(4):216‐7.
Ren 2006 {published data only}
    1. Ren Y. Controlled study of citalopram and sertraline the treatment of depression. Medical Journal of Chinese People's Health 2006;18(7):580‐1.
Rutherford 2010 {published data only}
    1. Rutherford BR, Roose SP, Sneed J, Devanand D. Expectancy effects and treatment of depression: cognitive and neural mechanisms. 163rd Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; New Orleans. May 22‐26 2010.
Shi 2005 {published data only}
    1. Shi Y, Liu H, Ding D. Comparative study of citalopram and maprotiline in treatment of depression. Journal of Clinical Psychological Medicine 2005;15(6):356‐7.
Song 2004 {published data only}
    1. Song H, Guo B, Chen Z. Comparisons of citalopram and fluoxetine in first‐episode depression. Journal of Clinical Psychosomatic Disease 2004;10(3):180‐1.
Tan 2004 {published data only}
    1. Tan X, Li H, Du Z. A double blind study of citalopram and amitriptyline in the treatment of aged depression. Shandong Archives of Psychiatry 2004;17(4):202‐3.
Tang 2005 {published data only}
    1. Tang W, Huang W. Efficacy of citalopram and amitriptyline in the treatment of patients with depression. Shangai Archives of Psychiatry 2005;17(2):87‐8.
Tao 2005 {published data only}
    1. Tao W, LV C, Li W. A comparative study between citalopram and paroxetine in the treatment of depression. Medical Journal of Chinese People's Health 2005;17(9):491‐2.
Thomas 2008 {published data only}
    1. Thomas L, Mulligan J, Mason V, Tallon D, Wiles N, Cowen P, et al. GENetic and clinical Predictors Of treatment response in Depression: the GenPod randomised trial protocol. Trials 2008;9(29):1‐10. - PMC - PubMed
Wan 2006 {published data only}
    1. Wan Y, Li M, Han Y. A control study of citalopram in the treatment of senile depression. Journal of Clinical Psychosomatic Diseases 2006;12(4):243‐4.
Wang 2003 {published data only}
    1. Wang X. A double‐blind control study on the effect of citalopram and imipramine on depression. Modern Forums in Basic 2003;7(12):1111‐2.
Wang 2004 {published data only}
    1. Wang J, Liu X, Yang G. A study of citalopram in the treatment of depression. Journal of Clinical Psychological Medicine 2004;14(1):16‐7.
Wang 2006 {published data only}
    1. Wang J, Yang C, Wang Y. Comparative study of citalopram vs mirtazapine in treatment of senile depressive patients. China Journal of Health Psychology 2006;14(5):552‐3.
Xu 2005 {published data only}
    1. Xu M, Ji L. A comparative study of citalopram and amitriptyline in the treatment of out‐patients with depression. Chinese Mental Health Journal 2005;19(5):353‐4.
Yu 2006 {published data only}
    1. Yu J, Wang P, Zhang G, Hao Z. Controlled study of citalopram and venlafaxine in treatment of patients with senile depression. Journal of Clinical Psychological Medicine 2006;16(2):92‐3.
Zhang 2005 {published data only}
    1. Zhang H, Cheng J, Wang G. Comparison of citalopram and venlafaxine for depressive disorder. Chinese journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 2005;9(36):4‐6.
Zhang 2006 {published data only}
    1. Zhang F, Mao Q. A study of citalopram in treatment of old age depression. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 2006;14(4):434‐5.
Zhao 2006 {published data only}
    1. Zhao H, Guan T. A control study in the treatment of depressive disorder with citalopram and fluoxetine. Evaluation and Analysis of Drug‐Use in Hospitals of China 2006;6(2):106‐8.
Zhou 2005 {published data only}
    1. Zhou X, Liu Z, Zhu H, Ding Y, Zhang A, Tao Y, et al. Treatment of depression with citalopram and venlafaxine: a clinical comparative study. Medical Journal of National Defending Forces in North China 2005;17(2):90‐1.

References to ongoing studies

NCT01407094 {unpublished data only}
    1. Trivedi M H, McGrath P J, Weissman M, Parsey R, Fava M. Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response for Clinical Care (EMBARC) for Depression. ClinicalTrials.gov 2011; Vol. NCT01407094:http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01407094?term=NCT01407094&rank=1. (accessed 11 Jun 2012).
NCT01473381 {unpublished data only}
    1. Forest Laboratories. A Double‐Blind, Placebo‐ and Active‐Controlled, Fixed‐Dose Study of Vilazodone in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder. ClinicalTrials.gov 2011:http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01473381?term=NCT01473381&rank=1. (accessed 11 Jun 2012). [Forest VLZ‐MD‐01]

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