Update on intracerebral hemorrhage

Abstract

Purpose of review: This article provides an update on the latest diagnostic and therapeutic trials relating to the management of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Recent findings: Early hematoma expansion and worsening cerebral edema may account for delayed neurologic deterioration after ICH.

Summary: Despite advances in other areas of stroke, there has been no significant improvement in the morbidity and mortality after ICH. The cause of ICH has been shifting from chronic hypertension to other etiologies. Current understanding of the pathophysiologic processes involved with hematoma expansion and the development of secondary injury after ICH has focused the treatment strategies on prevention of these potential complications. Care for the patient after ICH includes basic medical care, prevention of hematoma expansion, and treatment of potential secondary complications. Trials are underway to evaluate the effect of acute blood pressure control on hematoma expansion and the development of cerebral edema. Similarly, new surgical techniques are being explored for clot removal, and medical therapies are being developed to prevent secondary neurotoxic damage.